{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:38:51Z","timestamp":1793644731093,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In literature, osmophobia is reported as a specific migrainous symptom with a prevalence of up to 95%. Despite the International Classification of Headache Disorders 2nd edition proposal of including osmophobia among accompanying symptoms, it was no longer mentioned in the ICHD 3rd edition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a prospective study on 193 patients suffering from migraine without aura, migraine with aura, episodic tension-type headache or a combination of these. After a retrospective interview, each patient was asked to describe in detail osmophobia, when present, in the following four headache attacks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In all, 45.7% of migraine without aura attacks were associated with osmophobia, 67.2% of migraineurs reported osmophobia in at least a quarter of the attacks. No episodic tension-type headache attack was associated with osmophobia. It was associated with photophobia or phonophobia in 4.3% of migraine without aura attacks, and it was the only accompanying symptom in 4.7% of migraine without aura attacks. The inclusion of osmophobia in the ICHD-3 diagnostic criteria would enable a 9.0% increased diagnostic sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Osmophobia is a specific clinical marker of migraine, easy to ascertain and able to disentangle the sometimes challenging differential diagnosis between migraine without aura and episodic tension-type headache. We recommend its inclusion among the diagnostic criteria for migraine as it increases sensitivity, showing absolute specificity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102419877661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,20]],"date-time":"2019-09-20T01:08:45Z","timestamp":1568941725000},"page":"337-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["A prospective study on osmophobia in migraine versus tension-type headache in a large series of attacks"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Terrin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2075-4363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Mainardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Centre, Neurological Division, SS. Giovanni e Paolo Hospital, Venezia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Lisotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, Azienda Sanitaria n. 5 Friuli Occidentale, Pordenone, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Mampreso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Centre, Neurology \u2013 Euganea \u2013 Padova Health Unit, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Fuccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conegliano Hospital, Conegliano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinando","family":"Maggioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Zanchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"bibr2-0333102419877661","first-page":"375","volume-title":"Handbook of clinical neurology, vol 95 history of neurology","author":"Zanchin G","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr3-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1988.0801001.x","volume":"8","author":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"bibr4-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1991.1105233.x"},{"key":"bibr5-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416678390"},{"key":"bibr6-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13060"},{"key":"bibr7-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102418771375"},{"key":"bibr8-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3661-2"},{"key":"bibr9-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.204587"},{"key":"bibr10-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12973"},{"key":"bibr11-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-016-0616-y"},{"key":"bibr12-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12947"},{"key":"bibr13-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-015-2141-1"},{"key":"bibr14-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.05025.x"},{"key":"bibr15-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-015-0529-1"},{"key":"bibr16-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12577"},{"key":"bibr17-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-014-1903-5"},{"key":"bibr18-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/234193"},{"key":"bibr19-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.01.040"},{"key":"bibr20-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102412461401"},{"key":"bibr21-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.82538"},{"key":"bibr22-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411410612"},{"key":"bibr23-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-010-0109-7"},{"key":"bibr24-0333102419877661","first-page":"315","volume":"24","author":"Porta-Etessam J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"key":"bibr25-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2007.01421.x"},{"key":"bibr26-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2006.01075.x"},{"key":"bibr27-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-005-0188-8"},{"key":"bibr28-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2004.04197.x"},{"key":"bibr29-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00313864"},{"key":"bibr30-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417724154"},{"key":"bibr31-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102415598758"},{"key":"bibr32-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-16-S1-A76"},{"key":"bibr33-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102410362928"},{"key":"bibr34-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2008.01589.x"},{"key":"bibr35-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-005-0205-y"},{"key":"bibr36-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102412438975"},{"key":"bibr37-0333102419877661","first-page":"1273","author":"Pryse-Phillips WE","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can Headache Soc"},{"key":"bibr38-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s101940170025"},{"key":"bibr39-0333102419877661","first-page":"8","volume":"4","author":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"bibr40-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413485658"},{"key":"bibr41-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416658716"},{"key":"bibr42-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2001.00199.x"},{"key":"bibr43-0333102419877661","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416658710"}],"container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0333102419877661","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0333102419877661","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0333102419877661","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:48:24Z","timestamp":1777387704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0333102419877661"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0333102419877661"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102419877661","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.736644077.793567837","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0333-1024","1468-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0333-1024","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]}}}