{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:31:16Z","timestamp":1781105476122,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health information is one of the most frequently searched topics on the internet. In this observational cross-sectional study, we evaluated the content of the highest indexed Google search results related to migraine management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified the five most used search terms related to migraine management via Google Trends in the time period 1 January 2004 to 2 October 2019. We entered each search term into Google\u2019s search engine and retrieved the search results from the first three pages from each search query. We stratified the recommended treatment options and evaluated the websites using the DISCERN tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 73 unique websites recommended a total of 77 different migraine treatment options, consisting of 35 (45%) acute and 42 (55%) preventive treatments. For acute treatments, pharmacological options were more frequently recommended (88% of websites), whereas non-pharmacological options were more frequent among preventive treatments (67%). Evaluation of the consumer health information using the DISCERN tool showed that non-governmental organizations had the highest mean total score with 3.8 (\u00b10.19).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Googling when looking for migraine treatments reveals a multitude of management proposals of varying quality. Non-governmental organizations provide the overall highest quality of written consumer health information on migraine treatments among search results. We encourage stakeholders to optimize and distribute high-quality and peer-reviewed information on migraine management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420942241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T07:45:36Z","timestamp":1596008736000},"page":"1633-1644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Googling migraine: A study of Google as an information resource of migraine management"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9565-483X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachid","family":"Bojazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thien Phu","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob M\u00f8ller","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Headache Knowledge Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W","family":"Dodick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Messoud","family":"Ashina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0333102420942241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14098"},{"key":"bibr2-0333102420942241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2005.10.006"},{"key":"bibr3-0333102420942241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480160079038"},{"key":"bibr4-0333102420942241","unstructured":"Google. How Google Search Works | Search Algorithms, https:\/\/www.google.com\/search\/howsearchworks\/algorithms\/ (2019, accessed 23 March 2020)."},{"key":"bibr5-0333102420942241","unstructured":"Google. How Google Search Works | Crawl and Indexing, https:\/\/www.google.com\/search\/howsearchworks\/crawling-indexing\/ (2013, accessed 23 March 2020)."},{"key":"bibr6-0333102420942241","first-page":"329","volume":"170","author":"Kim P","year":"1999","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"bibr7-0333102420942241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.53.2.105"},{"key":"bibr8-0333102420942241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyg046"},{"key":"bibr9-0333102420942241","unstructured":"Google. Google Trends, https:\/\/trends.google.com\/trends\/?geo=US (2006, accessed 25 November 2019)."},{"key":"bibr10-0333102420942241","unstructured":"Google. Trends Help, https:\/\/support.google.com\/trends\/#topic=4365530 (2020, accessed 25 November 2019)."},{"key":"bibr11-0333102420942241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7337.573"},{"key":"bibr12-0333102420942241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X05278931"},{"key":"bibr13-0333102420942241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.1996.3608493.x"},{"key":"bibr14-0333102420942241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200721110-00001"},{"key":"bibr15-0333102420942241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0899-2"},{"key":"bibr16-0333102420942241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02748.x"},{"key":"bibr17-0333102420942241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-019-00124-y"},{"key":"bibr18-0333102420942241","volume":"5","author":"Bussey LG","year":"2019","journal-title":"Digit Heal"},{"key":"bibr19-0333102420942241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416663459"},{"key":"bibr20-0333102420942241","unstructured":"US Food & Drug Administration. Safety alerts for human medical products\u2009>\u2009Novartis consumer health over-the-counter products: Recall \u2013 potential presence of foreign tablets or chipped or broken tablets or gelcaps,  https:\/\/wayback.archive-it.org\/7993\/20170112131013\/http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Safety\/MedWatch\/SafetyInformation\/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts\/ucm286265.htm (2012, accessed 29 November 2019)."},{"key":"bibr21-0333102420942241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stucke ME and Grunes AP.\n                      Big data and competition policy\n                      , 1st ed. 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Terms of Use \u2013 Healthline, https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/terms-of-use (2020, accessed 24 March 2020)."},{"key":"bibr29-0333102420942241","unstructured":"WebMD. Terms and conditions of use,https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/about-webmd-policies\/about-terms-and-conditions-of-use (2019, accessed 24 March 2020)."}],"container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0333102420942241","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0333102420942241","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0333102420942241","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:48:46Z","timestamp":1777387726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0333102420942241"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0333102420942241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102420942241","relation":{},"ISSN":["0333-1024","1468-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0333-1024","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]}}}