{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T01:22:30Z","timestamp":1792891350067,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare medication use and health resource utilization between migraineurs with evidence of opioid use at emergency department visit versus no opioid use at emergency department visit, and to examine predictors of opioid use among migraineurs at emergency department visits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective study using REACHnet electronic health records (December 2013 to April 2017) from Baylor Scott &amp; White Health Plan. The index date was defined as the first migraine-related emergency department visit after \u22656 months of enrollment. Adult patients with a migraine diagnosis and \u22656 months of continuous enrollment before and after their index dates were included. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were used to compare medication use and health resource utilization between opioid users and non-opioid users. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine predictors of opioid use at emergency department visits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 788 migraineurs met eligibility criteria. Over one-third (n\u2009=\u2009283, 35.9%) received \u22651 opioid medication during their index date emergency department visit. Morphine (n\u2009=\u2009103, 13.1%) and hydromorphone (n\u2009=\u200985, 10.8%) were the most frequently used opioids. Opioid users had more hospitalizations and emergency department visits during their pre-index period (both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) predictors of opioid use at emergency department visits included past migraine-related opioid use (2\u20134 prescriptions, Odds Ratio\u2009=\u20091.66; 5\u20139 prescriptions, Odds Ratio\u2009=\u20092.12; \u226510 prescriptions, Odds Ratio\u2009=\u20094.43), past non-migraine-related opioid use (\u226510 prescriptions, Odds Ratio\u2009=\u20091.93), past emergency department visits (1\u20133 visits, Odds Ratio\u2009=\u20091.84), age (45\u201364 years, Odds Ratio\u2009=\u20091.45), and sleep disorder (Odds Ratio\u2009=\u20091.43), controlling for covariates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Opioids were commonly given to migraineurs at emergency departments. Previous opioid use, health resource utilization, age, and specific comorbidities might be used to identify migraineurs with a high risk of opioid use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420946710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T00:39:53Z","timestamp":1597192793000},"page":"1489-1501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Patterns and predictors of opioid use among migraine patients at emergency departments: A retrospective database analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1920-5500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiujun","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen L","family":"Rascati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth A","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480010072027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)00128-D"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2001.041007646.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2001.00248.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2012.02223.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30322-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13281"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.4501001.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12835"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12499"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.CON.0000418644.32032.7b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2008.01217.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2009.01913.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evidence-based guideline update: Pharmacologic treatment for episodic migraine prevention in adults: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society. Neurology 2012; 78: 1337\u20131345.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182535d20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000252808.97649.21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2008.01282.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Baylor Scott & White Health. Welcome to Baylor Scott & White Health https:\/\/www.bswhealth.com (2020 accessed 28 February 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"REACHnet https:\/\/reachnet.org\/ (accessed July 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","unstructured":"American Migraine Foundation. Depression and anxiety in migraine patients https:\/\/americanmigrainefoundation.org\/resource-library\/depression-and-anxiety-in-migraine-patients\/ (2015 accessed 28 February 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA). Headaches https:\/\/adaa.org\/understanding-anxiety\/related-illnesses\/headaches (accessed July 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416638520"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Moawad H. Migraine and depression: Is there a link? https:\/\/www.neurologytimes.com\/headache-and-migraine\/migraine-and-depression-there-link Neurology Times (30 August 2017 accessed 28 February 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"American Migraine Foundation. The link between migraine depression and anxiety https:\/\/americanmigrainefoundation.org\/resource-library\/link-between-migraine-depression-anxiety\/ (2018 accessed 28 February 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","volume-title":"Hypertension prevalence and control among adults: United States, 2015\u20132016. NCHS data brief, no 289","author":"Fryar CD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fryar CD, Ostchega Y, Hales CM, et\u00a0al. Hypertension prevalence and control among adults: United States, 2015\u20132016. NCHS data brief, no 289. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000294329.93565.94"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health US Department of Health and Human Services. Gene linked to migraine and sleep disorder https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/news-events\/nih-research-matters\/gene-linked-migraine-sleep-disorder (2016 accessed 28 February 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","unstructured":"Lucado J Paez K Elixhauser A. Headaches in U.S. Hospitals and Emergency Departments 2008: Statistical Brief #111. In: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs. Rockville MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414539055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prescribing practices https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/data\/prescribing\/prescribing-practices.html (2019 accessed 28 February 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse. Texas opioid summary https:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/opioid-summaries-by-state\/texas-opioid-summary (2019 accessed 28 February 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2011.02050.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12910"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12472"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","unstructured":"American Heart Association. Opioid use may increase risk of dangerous heart rhythm disorder www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2018\/11\/181105081746.htm ScienceDaily (5 November 2018 accessed 28 February 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000492616"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20001204)96:6<817::AID-AJMG25>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","unstructured":"American Headache Society. Triptan therapy for acute migraine https:\/\/americanheadachesociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/John_Rothrock_and_Deborah_Friedman_-_Triptans.pdf (2020 accessed 24 April 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","first-page":"47","article-title":"Treatment of acute migraine in the emergency department","volume":"60","author":"Gupta S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gupta S, Oosthuizen R, Pulfrey S. Treatment of acute migraine in the emergency department. Can Fam Phys 2014; 60: 47\u201349.","journal-title":"Can Fam Phys"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(95)70259-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/hpj4107-659"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13275"}],"container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0333102420946710","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0333102420946710","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0333102420946710","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:48:48Z","timestamp":1777387728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0333102420946710"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0333102420946710"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102420946710","relation":{},"ISSN":["0333-1024","1468-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0333-1024","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]}}}