{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:06:56Z","timestamp":1787018816912,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602460800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP170100274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP170100274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FT180100458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT180100458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To define the melanopsin and cone luminance retinogeniculate pathway contributions to photophobia in healthy controls and migraineurs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Healthy controls and migraineurs were categorized according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria. Photophobia was measured under full-field illumination using electromyography in response to narrowband lights spanning the melanopsin and cone luminance action spectra. Migraineurs were tested during their interictal headache-free period. Melanopsin-mediated post-illumination pupil responses quantified intrinsically photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cell (ipRGC) function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A model combining the melanopsin and cone luminance action spectra best described photophobia thresholds in controls and migraineurs; melanopsin contributions were \u223c1.5\u00d7 greater than cone luminance. In the illumination range causing photophobia, migraineurs had lower photophobia thresholds (\u223c0.55 log units;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and higher post-illumination pupil response amplitudes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) than controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Photophobia is driven by melanopsin and cone luminance inputs to the cortex via the retino-thalamocortical pathway. In migraineurs, lower photophobia thresholds reflect hypersensitivity of ipRGC and cone luminance pathways, with the larger and prolonged post-illumination pupil response amplitude indicative of a supranormal melanopsin response. Our findings inform artificial lighting strategies incorporating luminaires with low melanopsin excitation and photopic luminance to limit the lighting conditions leading to photophobia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420963850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T04:51:36Z","timestamp":1602478296000},"page":"217-226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Melanopsin hypersensitivity dominates interictal photophobia in migraine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Zele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, 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