{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T03:13:20Z","timestamp":1788318800281,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present Italian multicenter study aimed at investigating whether the course of\n            primary headache disorders in children and adolescents was changed during the lockdown\n            necessary to contain the COVID-19 emergency in Italy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the lockdown, we submitted an online questionnaire to patients already diagnosed\n            with primary headache disorders. Questions explored the course of headache, daily\n            habits, psychological factors related to COVID-19, general mood and school stress.\n            Answers were transformed into data for statistical analysis. Through a bivariate\n            analysis, the main variables affecting the subjective trend of headache, and intensity\n            and frequency of the attacks were selected. The significant variables were then used for\n            the multivariate analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We collected the answers of 707 patients. In the multivariate analysis, we found that\n            reduction of school effort and anxiety was the main factor explaining the improvement in\n            the subjective trend of headache and the intensity and frequency of the attacks\n              (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The greater the severity of headache, the larger was\n            the clinical improvement (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Disease duration was\n            negatively associated with the improvement (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). It is\n            noteworthy that clinical improvement was independent of prophylaxis\n            (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05), presence of chronic headache disorders\n              (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05) and geographical area\n            (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study showed that lifestyle modification represents the main factor impacting the\n            course of primary headache disorders in children and adolescents. In particular,\n            reduction in school-related stress during the lockdown was the main factor explaining\n            the general headache improvement in our population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420965139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T05:38:39Z","timestamp":1606973919000},"page":"1459-1473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["I stay at home with headache. A survey to investigate how the lockdown for          COVID-19 impacted on headache in Italian children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Papetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s\r          Hospital, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierfrancesco","family":"Alaimo Di Loro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistical Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuela","family":"Tarantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s\r          Hospital, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Licia","family":"Grazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Center, Neuroalgology Department, IRCCS Foundation \u201cCarlo Besta\u201d\r          Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Guidetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neuroscience, Section of Child and Adolescent\r          Neuropsychiatry, \u201cSapienza\u201d University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9042-8120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense\r          Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Raieli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry Unit \u2013 Ismep \u2013 ARNAS Civico, Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Sciruicchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children Epilepsy and EEG Center, PO, San Paolo ASL (Azienda Sanitaria\r          Locale), Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Termine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria and ASST dei\r          Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Toldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Cefalee per l'et\u00e0 Evolutiva, Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e\r          del Bambino, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Tozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e\r          dell\u2019ambiente, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell\u2019Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Verdecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neuroscience, Section of Child and Adolescent\r          Neuropsychiatry, \u201cSapienza\u201d University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Carotenuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e\r          Medicina Preventiva, Universit\u00e0 della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Battisti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense\r          Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Celi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria and ASST dei\r          Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"D'Agnano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children Epilepsy and EEG Center, PO, San Paolo ASL (Azienda Sanitaria\r          Locale), Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Faedda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neuroscience, Section of Child and Adolescent\r          Neuropsychiatry, \u201cSapienza\u201d University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela AN","family":"Ferilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino 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