{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:10:15Z","timestamp":1777489815164,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Headache is a common symptom of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In this study, we aimed to characterize the phenotype of headache attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection and to test the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) phenotypic criteria for migraine and tension-type headache.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study design was a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort. We screened all consecutive patients that were hospitalized and had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. We included patients that described headache if the headache was not better explained by another ICHD-3 diagnosis. Patients were interviewed by two neurologists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We screened 580 patients and included 130 (mean age 56 years, 64% female). Headache was the first symptom of the infection in 26% of patients and appeared within 24 hours in 62% of patients. The headache was bilateral in 85%, frontal in 83%, and with pressing quality in 75% of patients. Mean intensity was 7.1, being severe in 64%. Hypersensitivity to stimuli occurred in 57% of patients. ICHD-3 criteria for headache attributed to systemic viral infection were fulfilled by 94% of patients; phenotypic criteria for migraine were fulfilled by 25% of patients, and tension-type headache criteria by 54% of patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Headache attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients has severe intensity, frontal predominance and oppressive quality. It occurs early in the course of the disease. Most patients fulfilled ICHD-3 criteria for headache attributed to systemic viral infection; however, the phenotype might resemble migraine in a quarter of cases and tension-type headache in half of the patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420965146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T05:46:04Z","timestamp":1604468764000},"page":"1432-1442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Phenotypic characterization of acute headache attributed to SARS-CoV-2: An ICHD-3 validation study on 106 hospitalized patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1310-3386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Trigo L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3132-1064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Garc\u00eda-Azor\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2188-4197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Planchuelo-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Processing Laboratory, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Garc\u00eda-Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Processing Laboratory, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Due\u00f1as-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7493-6002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel L","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1992.1204197.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70270-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2015_110"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition. Cephalalgia 2018; 38: 1\u2013211.","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV) infection is suspected: Interim guidance https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/ clinical-management-of-novel-cov.pdf. (28 January 2020 accessed 31 May 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","unstructured":"National epidemiologic surveillance network. Report on the COVID-19 situation in Spain. Report number 32 https:\/\/www.isciii.es\/QueHacemos\/Servicios\/VigilanciaSaludPublicaRENAVE\/EnfermedadesTransmisibles\/Documents\/INFORMES\/Informes%20COVID-19\/Informe%20n\u00b0%2032.%20Situaci\u00f3n%20de%20COVID-19%20en%20Espa\u00f1a%20a%2021%20de%20mayo%20de%202020.pdf (21 May 2020 accessed 31 May 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","author":"Belvis R.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Belvis R. Headaches during COVID-19: My clinical case and review of the literature. Headache 2020. DOI: 10.1111\/head.13841.","journal-title":"Headaches during COVID-19: My clinical case and review of the literature. Headache"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040296"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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Hospital management of COVID-19 https:\/\/www.mscbs.gob.es\/profesionales\/saludPublica\/ccayes\/alertasActual\/nCov-China\/documentos\/Protocolo_manejo_clinico_ah_COVID-19.pdf (19 March 2020 accessed 31 May 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.557256"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1581ST"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30499-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59171-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000173152.84438.1c"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005384"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.523209"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on headache management in Spain: An analysis of the current situation and future perspectives","author":"L\u00f3pez-Bravo A","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Bravo A, Garc\u00eda-Azor\u00edn D, Belvis R, et\u00a0al. 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