{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:52:24Z","timestamp":1791942744407,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To define headache characteristics and evolution in relation to COVID-19 and its inflammatory response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a prospective study, comparing clinical data and inflammatory biomarkers of COVID-19 patients with and without headache, recruited at the Emergency Room. We compared baseline with 6-week follow-up to evaluate disease evolution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 130 patients, 74.6% (97\/130) had headache. In all, 24.7% (24\/97) of patients had severe pain with migraine-like features. Patients with headache had more anosmia\/ageusia (54.6% vs. 18.2%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Clinical duration of COVID-19 was shorter in the headache group (23.9\u2009\u00b1\u200911.6 vs. 31.2\u2009\u00b1\u200912.0 days;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028). In the headache group, IL-6 levels were lower at the ER (22.9 (57.5) vs. 57.0 (78.6)\u2009pg\/mL;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.036) and more stable during hospitalisation. After 6 weeks, of 74 followed-up patients with headache, 37.8% (28\/74) had ongoing headache. Of these, 50% (14\/28) had no previous headache history. Headache was the prodromal symptom of COVID-19 in 21.4% (6\/28) of patients with persistent headache (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.010).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Headache associated with COVID-19 is a frequent symptom, predictive of a shorter COVID-19 clinical course. Disabling headache can persist after COVID-19 resolution. Pathophysiologically, its migraine-like features may reflect an activation of the trigeminovascular system by inflammation or direct involvement of SARS-CoV-2, a hypothesis supported by concomitant anosmia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420965157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T05:46:04Z","timestamp":1604468764000},"page":"1410-1421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["Headache: A striking prodromal and persistent symptom, predictive of COVID-19 clinical evolution"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5525-0267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Caronna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Ballv\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnau","family":"Llaurad\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor Jos\u00e9","family":"Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana Mar\u00eda","family":"Ariton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Lallana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"L\u00f3pez Maza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Oliv\u00e9 Gadea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Quibus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6332-6126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Luis","family":"Restrepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Rodrigo-Gisbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreu","family":"Vilaseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Hernandez Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Martinez Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Alpuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Torres-Ferrus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall 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