{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T18:50:43Z","timestamp":1781376643387,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008132","name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Edital Propesq n\u00ba 06\/2020."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Edital Propesq n\u00ba 06\/2020."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the frequency and characteristics of headache in patients with COVID-19 and whether there is an association between headache and anosmia and ageusia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study. Consecutive patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, were assessed by neurologists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy-three patients were included in the study, 63% were male; the median age was 58 years (IQR: 47\u201366). Forty-seven patients (64.4%) reported headaches, which had most frequently begun on the first day of symptoms, were bilateral (94%), presenting severe intensity (53%) and a migraine phenotype (51%). Twelve patients (16.4%) presented with headache triggered by coughing. Eleven (15%) patients reported a continuous headache. Twenty-eight patients (38.4%) presented with anosmia and 29 (39.7%) with ageusia. Patients who reported hyposmia\/anosmia and\/or hypogeusia\/ageusia experienced headache more frequently than those without these symptoms (OR: 5.39; 95% CI:1.66\u201317.45; logistic regression). Patients with anosmia and ageusia presented headache associated with phonophobia more often compared to those with headache without these complaints (Chi-square test;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Headache associated with COVID-19 presented a migraine phenotype more frequently in those experiencing previous migraine (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Headaches associated with COVID-19 are frequent, are generally severe, diffuse, present a migraine phenotype and are associated with anosmia and ageusia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420966770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T05:46:04Z","timestamp":1604468764000},"page":"1443-1451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Headache associated with COVID-19: Frequency, characteristics and association with anosmia and ageusia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5725-2637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Augusto","family":"Sampaio Rocha-Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Oswaldo Cruz, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Brazil; Division of Neuropsychiatry, Centro de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5523-1760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Eudes","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Oswaldo Cruz, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Brazil; Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellul MA Benjamin L Singh B et\u00a0al. 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