{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:06:57Z","timestamp":1787018817493,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Arizona MD-PhD Program"},{"name":"University of Arizona Department of Medical Pharmacology"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008335","name":"Arizona Biomedical Research Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ABRC45952, TML"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ABRC45952, TML"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008335","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS099292, TML"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS099292, TML"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite increasing evidence differentiating episodic and chronic migraine, little work has determined how currently utilized animal models of migraine best represent each distinct disease state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this review, we seek to characterize accepted preclinical models of migraine-like headache by their ability to recapitulate the clinical allodynic features of either episodic or chronic migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From a search of the Pu bMed database for \u201canimal models of migraine\u201d, \u201cheadache models\u201d and \u201cpreclinical migraine\u201d, we identified approximately 80 recent (within the past 20 years) publications that utilized one of 10 different models for migraine research. Models reviewed fit into one of the following categories: Dural KCl application, direct electrical stimulation, nitroglycerin administration, inflammatory soup injection, CGRP injection, medication overuse, monogenic animals, post-traumatic headache, specific channel activation, and hormone manipulation. Recapitulation of clinical features including cephalic and extracephalic hypersensitivity were evaluated for each and compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Episodic migraineurs comprise over half of the migraine population, yet the vast majority of current animal models of migraine appear to best represent chronic migraine states. While some of these models can be modified to reflect episodic migraine, there remains a need for non-invasive, validated models of episodic migraine to enhance the clinical translation of migraine research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420966984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T00:08:38Z","timestamp":1604275718000},"page":"404-416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["An underrepresented majority: A systematic review utilizing allodynic criteria to examine the present scarcity of discrete animal models for episodic migraine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1808-5228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aidan","family":"Levine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, 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A, Mason BN, Lackovic J, et\u00a0al. Repetitive stress in mice causes migraine-like behaviors and CGRP-dependent hyperalgesic priming to a migraine trigger.\n                      Pain.\n                      ePub ahead of print 10 June 2020. 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