{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T18:27:39Z","timestamp":1793730459865,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605571200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["849200007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["849200007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the effect of sex on migraine trigger factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of 11 frequently reported trigger factors was determined in a cross-sectional study among migraine patients from a validated migraine database (n\u2009=\u20095725 females and n\u2009=\u20091061 males). Female-to-male odds ratios were calculated for each trigger, using a logistic regression model with attack frequency and migraine subtype (with or without aura) as covariates. Additionally, the effect of sex on total number of triggers per individual was determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The top three most reported triggers in women were menstruation (78%), stress (77%), and bright light (69%). Men reported stress (69%), bright light (63%), and sleep deprivation (60%) most frequently as provoking factors. The following triggers were more often reported by women than men: Bright light (odds ratio 1.29 [95% CI 1.12\u20131.48]; p\u2009=\u20090.003), stress (1.47 [1.27\u20131.69]; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), skipping a meal (1.24 [1.09\u20131.42]; p\u2009=\u20090.015), sleep deprivation (1.37 [1.20\u20131.57]; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), high altitudes (1.70 [1.40\u20132.09]; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and weather changes (1.35 [1.18\u20131.55]; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Women reported more triggers than men, even when menstruation was disregarded (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD: 4.6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3 and 4.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Conclusion: Women report migraine trigger factors to be provocative of their attacks more frequently than men, which may be related to a lower migraine threshold due to sex hormonal changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420974362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:53:20Z","timestamp":1605660800000},"page":"643-648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Sex differences in prevalence of migraine trigger factors: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Daphne S","family":"van Casteren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris E","family":"Verhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerrit LJ","family":"Onderwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoinette","family":"MaassenVanDenBrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisela M","family":"Terwindt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30293-9"},{"key":"bibr2-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102409355601"},{"key":"bibr3-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buse DC, Loder EW, Gorman JA, et\u00a0al.  Sex differences in the prevalence, symptoms, and associated features of migraine, probable migraine and other severe headache: Results of the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) study.\n                      Headache\n                      2013;  53: 1278\u20131299.","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12150"},{"key":"bibr4-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000233888.18228.19"},{"key":"bibr5-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-013-0370-7"},{"key":"bibr6-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-018-0734-0"},{"key":"bibr7-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(05)70351-5"},{"key":"bibr8-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2007.01303.x"},{"key":"bibr9-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411418846"},{"key":"bibr10-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"bibr11-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000687"},{"key":"bibr12-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01125-2"},{"key":"bibr13-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt-2015-0002"},{"key":"bibr14-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet127"},{"key":"bibr15-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00214-6"},{"key":"bibr16-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1998.00817.x"},{"key":"bibr17-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-8206.2002.00100.x"},{"key":"bibr18-0333102420974362","first-page":"379","volume":"1","author":"Rose FC.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Funct Neurol"},{"key":"bibr19-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2006.01195.x"},{"key":"bibr20-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2004.04168.x"},{"key":"bibr21-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413507637"},{"key":"bibr22-0333102420974362","first-page":"87","volume":"39","author":"Verhagen IE","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"bibr23-0333102420974362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-1035-7"}],"container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0333102420974362","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0333102420974362","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0333102420974362","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:48:59Z","timestamp":1777387739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0333102420974362"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0333102420974362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102420974362","relation":{},"ISSN":["0333-1024","1468-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0333-1024","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]}}}