{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T04:00:10Z","timestamp":1792555210909,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]],"date-time":"2021-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["APP1126976"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1126976"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003354","name":"Garnett Passe and Rodney Williams Memorial Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RP554"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP554"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003354","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We characterise the history, vestibular tests, ictal and interictal nystagmus in vestibular migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present our observations on 101 adult-patients presenting to an outpatient facility with recurrent spontaneous and\/or positional vertigo whose final diagnosis was vestibular migraine (n\u2009=\u200927) or probable vestibular migraine (n\u2009=\u200974). Ictal and interictal video-oculography, caloric and video head impulse tests, vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials and audiometry were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Common presenting symptoms were headache (81.2%), spinning vertigo (72.3%), Mal de D\u00e9barquement (58.4%), and motion sensitivity (30.7%). With fixation denied, ictal and interictal spontaneous nystagmus was observed in 71.3 and 14.9%, and purely positional nystagmus in 25.8 and 55.4%. Spontaneous ictal nystagmus was horizontal in 49.5%, and vertical in 21.8%. Ictal spontaneous and positional nystagmus velocities were 5.3\u2009\u00b1\u20099.0\u00b0\/s (range 0.0\u201357.4), and 10.4\u2009\u00b1\u20095.8\u00b0\/s (0.0\u201399.9). Interictal spontaneous and positional nystagmus velocities were &lt;3\u00b0\/s in 91.8 and 23.3%. Nystagmus velocities were significantly higher when ictal ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001\/confidence interval: 2.908\u20126.733, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001\/confidence interval: 5.308\u201210.085). Normal lateral video head impulse test gains were found in 97.8% (mean gain 0.95\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12) and symmetric caloric results in 84.2% (mean canal paresis 7.0\u2009\u00b1\u200923.3%). Air- and bone-conducted cervical-vestibular-evoked myogenic potential amplitudes were symmetric in 88.4 and 93.4% (mean corrected amplitude 1.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7, 1.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8) with mean asymmetry ratios of 13.0 and 9.0%. Air- and bone-conducted ocular-vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials were symmetric in 67.7 and 97.2% (mean amplitude 9.2\u2009\u00b1\u20096.4 and 20.3\u2009\u00b1\u200912.8\u2009\u00b5V) with mean asymmetry ratios of 15.7 and 9.9%. Audiometry was age consistent and symmetric in 85.5%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vestibular migraine is characterised by low velocity ictal spontaneous nystagmus, which can be horizontal, vertical, or torsional, and normal audiovestibular test results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024211006042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T01:13:09Z","timestamp":1620004389000},"page":"1039-1052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Clinical, oculographic, and vestibular test characteristics of vestibular migraine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Allison S","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Nham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew P","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeljka","family":"Calic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob M","family":"Pogson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"D\u2019Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G Michael","family":"Halmagyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam S","family":"Welgampola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03331024211006042","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Cephalalgia","volume":"38","author":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache 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JM, Balaban CD, Jacob RG, et\u00a0al. Migraine -anxiety related dizziness (MARD): a new disorder? 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