{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T14:35:31Z","timestamp":1782398131470,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Headache disorders are classified as primary or secondary; however, among the secondary headaches, those attributed to food ingestion are not well understood. Therefore, we conducted this study to describe and characterize a new headache entity that occurred during the holy month of Ramadan. This headache occurred within 4 h of breaking the fast.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a nationwide descriptive community-based cross-sectional study conducted during the last 10 days of Ramadan, based on a random sample of adults living in Saudi Arabia. The demographic data, headache symptomatology, nature and distribution of the pain, possible triggering and relieving factors, and patient management programs were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Completed questionnaires were obtained from 16,031 participants. Of those, 3147 (19.6%) reported headaches after breaking the fast in Ramadan. In 84.1% of cases, there was no previous diagnosis of headache or migraine. The characteristics of these postprandial fasting-related headaches mostly was episodic in nature (72%). The nature of the headache was variable, mostly heaviness or tightness (53.9%). Triggering factors included ingestion of fried food in (45%) and coffee (26.3%). Lying down and sleeping was found to be an important relieving factor (61%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A new headache entity is being described. Appears to be quite common, occurs less than 2 h following the first meal, and is mostly of the heaviness and tension type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024211017915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T01:40:46Z","timestamp":1623894046000},"page":"1201-1207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Postprandial fasting related headache during Ramadan in Saudi Arabia:  A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Abdullah","family":"AlAmri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Neurology Department, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6161-8179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"AlMuaigel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"AlSheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Zeeshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Education Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wejdan","family":"Suwayyid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Education Department, College of Medicine, Almaarefa University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Foziah","family":"AlShamrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Neurology Department, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03331024211017915","unstructured":"Noghani MT, Rezaeizadeh H, Fazljoo SM, et al. Gastrointestinal headache; a narrative review.\n                      Emergency\n                      2016; 4: 171."},{"key":"bibr2-03331024211017915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)14634-6","volume":"67","author":"Sakr AH.","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Am Dietet Assoc"},{"key":"bibr3-03331024211017915","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-010-0242-z"},{"key":"bibr4-03331024211017915","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"bibr5-03331024211017915","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2009.01390.x"},{"key":"bibr6-03331024211017915","first-page":"162","volume":"5","author":"Pakkir Maideen NM","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nutr Fast Health"},{"key":"bibr7-03331024211017915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gnanou JV, Caszo BA, Khalil KM, et al. Effects of Ramadan fasting on glucose homeostasis and adiponectin levels in healthy adult males.\n                      J Diabetes Metab Disord\n                      2015; 14: 55.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40200-015-0183-9"},{"key":"bibr8-03331024211017915","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2012.09.007"},{"key":"bibr9-03331024211017915","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06525.x"},{"key":"bibr10-03331024211017915","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2004.12.007"},{"key":"bibr11-03331024211017915","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30322-3"}],"container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03331024211017915","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03331024211017915","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03331024211017915","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:49:06Z","timestamp":1777387746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03331024211017915"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11-12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03331024211017915"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03331024211017915","relation":{},"ISSN":["0333-1024","1468-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0333-1024","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]}}}