{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:16:12Z","timestamp":1789582572920,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626134400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mondino Foundation IRCCS was funded by Italian Ministry Ricerca Corrente 2020"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychosocial variables are key factors influencing psycho-physical equilibrium in migraine patients. Social isolation and vulnerability to stressors may prevent efficient psychological adjustment negatively affecting adaptation to life changes, as that imposed during Covid-19 lockdown. Here, we explored psychosocial dimensions and changes in clinical condition during Covid-19 lockdown in migraine patients, with regard to migraine type and headache impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-four migraine patients (32 episodic and 32 chronic) and 64 healthy control subjects were included in a case-control cross-sectional study. A two-step clustering procedure split patients into two clusters, based on the Headache Impact Test. Perceived global distress, loneliness, empathy, and coping levels were compared in groups, as well as changes in clinical condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine patients reported higher general loneliness and lower social support compared to healthy control subjects. Emotional loneliness was more marked in patients with higher headache impact. This subgroup of patients more frequently reported changes in the therapeutic and care paths as the perceived cause of the occurrence of motor or extra-motor symptomatology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine patients, especially those more severely affected, proved more vulnerable than healthy control subjects to Covid-19 lockdown. Long-lasting interruption of social interactions may be detrimental in fragile patients that are in need of structured support interventions to maintain psycho-physical wellbeing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024211027568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T01:15:50Z","timestamp":1626225350000},"page":"1437-1446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["High perceived isolation and reduced social support affect headache impact levels in migraine after the Covid-19 outbreak: A cross sectional survey on chronic and episodic patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Cerami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Research Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Crespi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Research Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Bottiroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Law, Giustino Fortunato University, Benevento, Italy"},{"name":"Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaia Chiara","family":"Santi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grazia","family":"Sances","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Allena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomaso","family":"Vecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Cognitive Psychology Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1513-2113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Tassorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.11.011"},{"key":"bibr2-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413485658"},{"key":"bibr3-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00173"},{"key":"bibr4-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12774"},{"key":"bibr5-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wco.0000169750.52406.a2"},{"key":"bibr6-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12397"},{"key":"bibr7-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04543-x"},{"key":"bibr8-03331024211027568","first-page":"1383","volume":"11","author":"Delussi M","year":"2020","journal-title":"RICe). Front Neurol"},{"key":"bibr9-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01183-6"},{"key":"bibr10-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma M, Bao J, Fang J, et\u00a0al . Impact of headache frequency and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic among migraine patients.\n                      Curr Neurovasc Res\n                      . Epub ahead of print 11 March 2021. DOI: 10.2174\/1567202618666210311122419.","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202618666210311122419"},{"key":"bibr11-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Martinez A, Planchuelo-G\u00f3mez \u00c1, Guerrero \u00c1L, et\u00a0al. Evaluation of the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown in the clinical course of migraine.\n                      Pain Medicine\n                      Epub ahead of print 28 February 2021. DOI:10.1093\/pm\/pnaa449.","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa449"},{"key":"bibr12-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420965139"},{"key":"bibr13-03331024211027568","unstructured":"Crespi C. \u201cPsyCOVID Study: Exploring psychosocial correlates of the perceived impact of Covid-19 emergence on the Italian population\u201d.\n                      World Pandemic Research Network\n                      . WPRN-428452, 28 April 2020, https:\/\/wprn.org\/item\/428452 (accessed 26 February 2021)."},{"key":"bibr14-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00556"},{"key":"bibr15-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00790"},{"key":"bibr16-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1500-7"},{"key":"bibr17-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13803"},{"key":"bibr18-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16996-1_6"},{"key":"bibr19-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.05.004"},{"key":"bibr20-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cerami C, Canevelli M, Santi GC, et\u00a0al. Identifying frail populations for disease risk prediction and intervention planning in the Covid-19 era: a focus on social isolation and psychosocial vulnerability.\n                      Preprint\n                      Epub ahead of print 24 July 2020 DOI:10.31234\/osf.io\/fpvkr","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/fpvkr"},{"key":"bibr21-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-016-0120-9"},{"key":"bibr22-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204113"},{"key":"bibr23-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.2016.1303"},{"key":"bibr24-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.21908"},{"key":"bibr25-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.44.1.113"},{"key":"bibr26-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.588934"},{"key":"bibr27-03331024211027568","first-page":"416","volume":"2","author":"Zammuner V.","year":"2008","journal-title":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering"},{"key":"bibr28-03331024211027568","first-page":"123","author":"Fo\u00e0 C","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psicologia della Salute"},{"key":"bibr29-03331024211027568","first-page":"552","volume":"29","author":"Blanca M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"bibr30-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2"},{"key":"bibr31-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102491011S11163"},{"key":"bibr32-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1993.hed3306301.x"},{"key":"bibr33-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01168-5"},{"key":"bibr34-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00768"},{"key":"bibr35-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.1054"},{"key":"bibr36-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2150132720924874"},{"key":"bibr37-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04890-9"},{"key":"bibr38-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.580225"},{"key":"bibr39-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0883-7"},{"key":"bibr40-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13810"},{"key":"bibr41-03331024211027568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04659-0"}],"container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03331024211027568","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03331024211027568","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03331024211027568","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:49:09Z","timestamp":1777387749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03331024211027568"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03331024211027568"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03331024211027568","relation":{},"ISSN":["0333-1024","1468-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0333-1024","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]}}}