{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:44:04Z","timestamp":1791837844961,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physical inactivity has been linked to headache disorders but estimates based on the current World Health Organization physical activity guidelines are unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test the associations between headache disorders and physical inactivity in the ELSA-Brasil cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a cross-sectional analysis, linear (continuous variables) and logistic regression models (categorical variables) tested the associations of physical activity levels in the leisure time, commuting time, and combined leisure time physical activity\u2009+\u2009commuting time physical activity domains with headache disorders, adjusted for the effects of sociodemographic data, cardiovascular risk variables, psychiatric disorders, and migraine prophylaxis medication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 15,105 participants, 14,847 (54.4% women) provided data on physical activity levels and headache. Higher physical activity levels (continuous values) in the leisure time physical activity domain associated with lower migraine and tension-type headache occurrence and lower headache attack frequency, while in the commuting time physical activity domain it associated with more frequent headache attacks. Compared to people who met World Health Organization physical activity levels in the leisure time physical activity or combining leisure time physical activity\u2009+\u2009commuting time physical activity domains (i.e. \u2265150\u2009min.wk\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      of moderate and\/or \u226575\u2009min.wk\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      of vigorous physical activity), physical inactivity associated with higher migraine occurrence, while somewhat active (i.e. not meeting World Health Organization recommendations) associated with higher migraine and tension-type headache occurrence. Physical inactivity in the commuting time physical activity domain associated with higher tension-type headache in men and lower migraine in women. Physical inactivity within vigorous leisure time physical activity intensity, but not moderate leisure time physical activity, associated with higher migraine, mostly in women. Finally, physical inactivity associated with higher headache attack frequency regardless headache subtype.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physical inactivity and unmet World Health Organization physical activity levels associate with primary headaches, with heterogeneous associations regarding headache subtype, sex, physical activity domain\/intensity, and headache frequency in the ELSA-Brasil study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024211029217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T02:19:11Z","timestamp":1629339551000},"page":"1467-1485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Physical inactivity and headache disorders: Cross-sectional analysis in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6408-0634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ar\u00e3o Belitardo de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto do C\u00e9rebro, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio, Centro de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica e Epidemiol\u00f3gica, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliane Prieto Peres","family":"Mercante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto do C\u00e9rebro, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio, Centro de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica e Epidemiol\u00f3gica, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0068-1905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario Fernando Prieto","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto do C\u00e9rebro, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Del Carmen B","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo A","family":"Lotufo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio, Centro de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica e Epidemiol\u00f3gica, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabela M","family":"Bense\u00f1or","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio, Centro de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica e Epidemiol\u00f3gica, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1076-5210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra C","family":"Goulart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio, Centro de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica e Epidemiol\u00f3gica, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP, 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