{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T11:30:58Z","timestamp":1781177458262,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Amgen, Inc","award":["Competitive Grant in Migraine Research"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Competitive Grant in Migraine Research"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Though migraine is thought of as a symptom complex, symptoms are typically assessed one at a time. For use in clinical research, we developed a composite measure of headache day severity by combining eight well-known symptoms captured in daily diaries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data came from adults with a self-reported diagnosis of migraine (n\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u20094380) who provided daily diary information assessed using a novel digital platform. Nine observed features theoretically linked to headache day severity were analyzed using latent variable modeling to create a psychometrically robust headache day severity score. Logistic regression was used to assess the cross-sectional relationships of headache day severity scores against an array of clinically-relevant outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were largely females (90%), approaching middle age (mean age of 37.3) and living in the United States (49%) or United Kingdom (23%). Findings supported a single latent headache day severity construct based on eight observed headache features. Headache day severity scores were associated with an increased odds of physician visits (Odds ratio[95% CI]: 1.71[1.32\u20132.21]), emergency department visits (4.12[2.23-7.60]), missed school\/work (2.90[2.56\u20133.29]), missed household work (3.37[3.06\u20133.72]), and missed other activities (3.29[2.97\u20133.64]) (p\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001 for all).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Modern measurement techniques support a single headache day severity construct that reflects migraine is a symptom complex. The headache day severity scores were associated with external validators and initial visualizations showed how headache day severity scores can be applied broadly in clinical practice and research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024211033829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T02:19:11Z","timestamp":1629339551000},"page":"53-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Measuring headache day severity using multiple features in daily diary designs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"James S","family":"McGinley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector Psychometric Group, LLC, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie R","family":"Houts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector Psychometric Group, LLC, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RJ","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector Psychometric Group, LLC, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard B","family":"Lipton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"bibr2-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102419828967"},{"key":"bibr3-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102418758283"},{"key":"bibr4-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-012-0479-9"},{"key":"bibr5-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2011.02046.x"},{"key":"bibr6-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2012.08.2212"},{"key":"bibr7-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12941"},{"key":"bibr8-03331024211033829","first-page":"S24","volume":"44","author":"Stewart WF","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"bibr9-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.65.12_suppl_4.S50"},{"key":"bibr10-03331024211033829","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. CDER pilot grant program: Standard core clinical outcome assessments (COAs) and their related endpoints. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/development-approval-process-drugs\/cder-pilot-grant-program-standard-core-clinical-outcome-assessments-coas-and-their-related-endpoints (accessed 1 January 2021)."},{"key":"bibr11-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417731348"},{"key":"bibr12-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30357-6"},{"key":"bibr13-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steiner TJ, Olesen J. Advocacy for patients with headache. In: Grisold W, Struhal W and Grisold T (eds)\n                      Advocacy in Neurology\n                      . Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2019, pp. 339-346.","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780198796039.003.0029"},{"key":"bibr14-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12332"},{"key":"bibr15-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.12.1.58"},{"key":"bibr16-03331024211033829","first-page":"136","volume-title":"Testing Structural Equation Models","author":"Browne MW","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr17-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"bibr18-03331024211033829","volume-title":"Psychometric Theory","author":"Nunnally JC.","year":"1978","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr19-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02295430"},{"key":"bibr20-03331024211033829","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Migraine: Developing drugs for acute treatment. Guidance for industry. 2018. Available at: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/89829\/download (accessed 1 January 2021)."},{"key":"bibr21-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13165"},{"key":"bibr22-03331024211033829","first-page":"244","volume":"39","author":"Lipton RB","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"bibr23-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13456"},{"key":"bibr24-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14069"},{"key":"bibr25-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14067"},{"key":"bibr26-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.suppl_1.S20"},{"key":"bibr27-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026119331193"},{"key":"bibr28-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.1998.3804295.x"},{"key":"bibr29-03331024211033829","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2000.00030.x"}],"container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03331024211033829","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03331024211033829","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03331024211033829","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:49:11Z","timestamp":1777387751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03331024211033829"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03331024211033829"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03331024211033829","relation":{},"ISSN":["0333-1024","1468-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0333-1024","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]}}}