{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T16:32:19Z","timestamp":1784910739853,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003197","name":"Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco, Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we tested the validity of the Severity of Dependence Scale in detecting dependence behaviours in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse (CM\u2009+\u2009MO) using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire as gold standard measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four hundred and fifty-four patients with CM\u2009+\u2009MO filled in the Severity of Dependence Scale and the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire and underwent a psychological evaluation for the diagnosis of substance dependence according to the DSM-IV criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-nine percent of subjects (n\u2009=\u2009313) presented substance dependence according to the DSM-IV criteria. These patients scored significantly higher than those without substance dependence in Severity of Dependence Scale total score ( Z\u2009=\u2009\u22123.29, p\u2009=\u20090.001), and in items 1 ( Z\u2009=\u2009\u22122.44, p\u2009=\u20090.015), 2 ( Z\u2009=\u2009\u22122.50, p\u2009=\u20090.012), 4 ( Z\u2009=\u2009\u22122.05, p\u2009=\u20090.04), and 5 ( Z\u2009=\u2009\u22123.39, p\u2009=\u20090.001). Severity of Dependence Scale total score ( \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.13, SE\u2009=\u20090.04, z\u2009=\u20093.49, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) was a significant predictor for substance dependence. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves showed that Severity of Dependence Scale discriminated patients with or without substance dependence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Severity of Dependence Scale could represent an interesting screening tool for dependency-like behaviors in CM\u2009+\u2009MO patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024211039817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T08:09:02Z","timestamp":1632125342000},"page":"209-217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Validity of the Severity of Dependence Scale for detecting dependence behaviours in chronic migraine with medication overuse"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0151-3962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Bottiroli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Giustino Fortunato University, Benevento, Italy"},{"name":"Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Centre, IRCCS C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies-Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Ballante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioData Science Unit, IRCCS C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, University of Pavia, University of Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Pazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Centre, IRCCS C. 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Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1513-2113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Tassorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Centre, IRCCS C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03331024211039817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737167.4.3.353"},{"key":"bibr2-03331024211039817","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Cephalalgia","volume":"38","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr3-03331024211039817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00577.x"},{"key":"bibr4-03331024211039817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102418761047"},{"key":"bibr5-03331024211039817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00173"},{"key":"bibr6-03331024211039817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2009.01934.x"},{"key":"bibr7-03331024211039817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413477737"},{"key":"bibr8-03331024211039817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416631960"},{"key":"bibr9-03331024211039817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1874078"},{"key":"bibr10-03331024211039817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638237.2015.1124404"},{"key":"bibr11-03331024211039817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00704"},{"key":"bibr12-03331024211039817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.09.034"},{"key":"bibr13-03331024211039817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2007.00999.x"},{"key":"bibr14-03331024211039817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2011.01978.x"},{"key":"bibr15-03331024211039817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000504"},{"key":"bibr16-03331024211039817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1715"},{"key":"bibr17-03331024211039817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2005.01020.x"},{"key":"bibr18-03331024211039817","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03332.x"},{"key":"bibr19-03331024211039817","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).\n                      International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems\n                      , 2nd edn, 10th revision version (ICD-10). 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