{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T19:37:33Z","timestamp":1783539453110,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637107200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mobile health apps have the potential to promote adherence to headache management through the use of evidence-based behavior change techniques (e.g., self-monitoring). While many headache management apps exist, the extent to which these apps include behavior change techniques remains unknown. Thus, the present study systematically evaluated the content and quality of commercially available headache management apps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Headache apps were identified using a systematic search in the Apple App and Google Play stores. A total of 55 apps were evaluated using the taxonomy of behavior change techniques and app quality using the Mobile App Rating Scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Headache management apps included 0\u201314 behavior change techniques (Mean [M] = 5.89) and 0\u20138 headache management behavior change techniques (M\u2009=\u20094.29). App quality ranged from 2.84\u20134.67 (M\u2009=\u20093.73) out of 5.00. Three apps, Migraine Trainer, Easeday: Headache &amp; Migraine, and PainScale, included the highest number of overall and headache management behavior change techniques along with good quality scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While randomized controlled trials are necessary to determine the efficacy of individual headache apps, most existing apps include evidence-based headache management behavior change techniques. Headache apps often focus on either self-monitoring or stress management via relaxation training, suggesting that patients\u2019 needs should be used to inform app selection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024211053572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T06:09:40Z","timestamp":1637129380000},"page":"510-523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A systematic evaluation of primary headache management apps leveraging behavior change techniques"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Amy E","family":"Noser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly L","family":"Klages","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn L","family":"Gamwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin N","family":"Brammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin A","family":"Hommel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachelle R","family":"Ramsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03331024211053572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13281"},{"key":"bibr2-03331024211053572","first-page":"670","volume":"61","author":"Becker WJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can Fam 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