{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T08:14:07Z","timestamp":1793261647826,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612828800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R34-DE022088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R34-DE022088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-DE024169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-DE024169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The migraine-preventive drug propranolol is efficacious in reducing pain from temporomandibular disorder, suggesting potential modifying or mediating effects of comorbid migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this randomized controlled trial, myofascial temporomandibular disorder patients were treated with propranolol or placebo for 9 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in a facial pain index derived from daily symptom diaries. Linear and logistic regression models tested for a migraine\u2009\u00d7\u2009treatment-group interaction in reducing facial pain index. Counterfactual models explored changes in headache impact and heart rate as mediators of propranolol's efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Propranolol's efficacy in reducing facial pain index was greater among the 104 migraineurs than the 95 non-migraineurs: For example, for the binary \u2265 30% reduction in facial pain index, odds ratios were 3.3 (95% confidence limits: 1.4, 8.1) versus 1.3 (0.5, 3.2), respectively, although the interaction was statistically non-significant ( p\u2009=\u20090.139). Cumulative response curves confirmed greater efficacy for migraineurs than non-migraineurs (differences in area under the curve 26% and 6%, respectively; p\u2009=\u20090.081). While 9% of the treatment effect was mediated by reduced headache impact, 46% was mediated by reduced heart rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Propranolol was more efficacious in reducing temporomandibular disorder pain among migraineurs than non-migraineurs, with more of the effect mediated by reduced heart rate than by reduced headache impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study identification and registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SOPPRANO; NCT02437383; https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02437383<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102421989268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T05:53:03Z","timestamp":1613195583000},"page":"839-850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effect of comorbid migraine on propranolol efficacy for painful TMD in a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0968-0594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inna E","family":"Tchivileva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pain Research and Innovation, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"},{"name":"Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Ohrbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger B","family":"Fillingim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei Feng","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pain Research and Innovation, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"},{"name":"Division of Diagnostic Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano Di","family":"Giosia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pain Research and Innovation, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"},{"name":"Division of Diagnostic Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarete","family":"Ribeiro-Dasilva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Science, Prosthodontics Division, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Hadgraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rho Inc, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Willis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rho Inc, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Samuel J","family":"Arbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rho Inc, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary D","family":"Slade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pain Research and Innovation, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 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