{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T13:19:01Z","timestamp":1793193541163,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-15-1-0286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-15-1-0286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-19-1-0534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-19-1-0534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persistent post-traumatic headache most commonly has symptoms that overlap those of migraine. In some cases, it can be clinically difficult to differentiate persistent post-traumatic headache with a migraine phenotype from migraine. The objective of this study was to develop a classification model based on questionnaire data and structural neuroimaging data that distinguishes individuals with migraine from those with persistent post-traumatic headache.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Questionnaires assessing headache characteristics, sensory hypersensitivities, cognitive functioning, and mood, as well as T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor data from 34 patients with migraine and 48 patients with persistent post-traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury were included for analysis. The majority of patients with persistent post-traumatic headache had a migraine\/probable migraine phenotype (77%). A machine-learning leave-one-out cross-validation algorithm determined the average accuracy for distinguishing individual migraine patients from individual patients with persistent post-traumatic headache.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Based on questionnaire data alone, the average classification accuracy for determining whether an individual person had migraine or persistent post-traumatic headache was 71.9%. Adding imaging data features to the model improved the classification accuracy to 78%, including an average accuracy of 97.1% for identifying individual migraine patients and an average accuracy of 64.6% for identifying individual patients with persistent post-traumatic headache. The most important clinical features that contributed to the classification accuracy included questions related to anxiety and decision making. Cortical brain features and fibertract data from the following regions or tracts most contributed to the classification accuracy: Bilateral superior temporal, inferior parietal and posterior cingulate; right lateral occipital, uncinate, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. A\n                      <jats:italic>post-hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      analysis showed that compared to incorrectly classified persistent post-traumatic headache patients, those who were correctly classified as having persistent post-traumatic headache had more severe physical, autonomic, anxiety and depression symptoms, were more likely to have post-traumatic stress disorder, and were more likely to have had mild traumatic brain injury attributed to blasts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A classification model that included a combination of questionnaire data and structural imaging parameters classified individual patients as having migraine versus persistent post-traumatic headache with good accuracy. The most important clinical measures that contributed to the classification accuracy included questions on mood. Regional brain structures and fibertracts that play roles in pain processing and pain integration were important brain features that contributed to the classification accuracy. The lower classification accuracy for patients with persistent post-traumatic headache compared to migraine may be related to greater heterogeneity of patients in the persistent post-traumatic headache cohort regarding their traumatic brain injury mechanisms, and physical, emotional, and cognitive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102421991819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:57:05Z","timestamp":1619744225000},"page":"943-955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Distinguishing persistent post-traumatic headache from migraine: Classification based on clinical symptoms and brain structural MRI data"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Catherine D","family":"Chong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"},{"name":"Arizona State University, Phoenix Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Visar","family":"Berisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, Phoenix Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phoenix Veterans Administration, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazher","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, Phoenix Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9519-5370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gina","family":"Dumkrieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd J","family":"Schwedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413499645"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0243-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072585"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2011.01909.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102419847728"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0796-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"1366","article-title":"Differences in fibertract proflies between patients with migraine and those with persistent post-traumatic headache","volume":"39","author":"Chong CD","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chong CD, Peplinski J, Berisha V, et\u00a0al. Differences in fibertract proflies between patients with migraine and those with persistent post-traumatic headache. Cephalalgia 2018; 39: 1366\u20131381.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13396"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia 2013; 33: 629\u2013808.","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413485658"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2012.728627"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","volume-title":"Neuropsychological assessment","author":"Lezak MD","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lezak MD, Howieson DB, Loring DW. Neuropsychological assessment, 4th edn. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 1032.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6703_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","volume-title":". Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory","author":"Spielberger CD","year":"1983","unstructured":"Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene R, et\u00a0al. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1983."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HTR.0000300227.67748.77"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000067570"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"167","article-title":"Sensibilit\u00e0 alla luce e psicopatologia: Validazione del Questionario per la Valutazione della Fotosensibilit\u00e0 (QVF) [in Italian].","volume":"51","author":"Bossini L","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bossini L, Valdagno M, Padula L, et\u00a0al. Sensibilit\u00e0 alla luce e psicopatologia: Validazione del Questionario per la Valutazione della Fotosensibilit\u00e0 (QVF) [in Italian]. Med Psicosomatica 2006; 51: 167\u2013176.","journal-title":"Med Psicosomatica"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21211"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.suppl_1.S20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025570508954"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.4.524"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12717"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097506"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2011.00023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00569-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.906426"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2013.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.11.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038234"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rao A Lee Y Gass A et\u00a0al. Classification of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease from structural MRI using sparse logistic regression with optional spatial regularization. In: 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society August 2011 pp. 4499\u20134502. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2011.6091115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2018.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"Feature selection based on information gain","volume":"2","author":"Azhagusundari B","year":"2013","unstructured":"Azhagusundari B, Thanamani AS. Feature selection based on information gain. Int J Innov Tech Explor Eng (IJITEE) 2013; 2.2: 18\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Innov Tech Explor Eng (IJITEE)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd edn. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, 1988, p. 459.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22237\/jmasm\/1257035100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01103-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.125341"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328360edb1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095508"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116687"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-019-00116-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0243-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01356"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102415573513"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12296"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-012-9159-2"}],"container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0333102421991819","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0333102421991819","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0333102421991819","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0333102421991819","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:49:24Z","timestamp":1777387764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0333102421991819"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0333102421991819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102421991819","relation":{},"ISSN":["0333-1024","1468-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0333-1024","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]}}}