{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:50:58Z","timestamp":1790617858514,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review and discuss the clinical presentation and treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visual alterations and headache are the two main symptoms of idiopathic intracranial hypertension, although additional features including cranial nerve palsies, cognitive deficits, olfactory deficits and tinnitus are not uncommon. The headache associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension frequently has a migrainous phenotype. The underlying cause of the disorder has not yet been elucidated. Several hypotheses have been postulated but none of them can explain the full clinical picture. Therapeutic options remain limited, focusing mainly on reduction in body weight and the reduction of CSF production with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The accurate diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension is essential as visual deterioration due to papilledema may be irreversible. Given its phenotypic similarity and frequent overlap with chronic migraine it is essential to consider idiopathic intracranial hypertension in the diagnostic workup of chronic headache; in particular, when considering its increasing prevalence. Understanding in detail the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the associated headache would also allow study of current and future therapeutic options in a structured way.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102421997093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:13:02Z","timestamp":1614298382000},"page":"472-478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Naz","family":"Raoof","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Strabismus and Neuro-ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2103-9081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"},{"name":"NIHR-Wellcome Trust King\u2019s Clinical Research Facility\/SLaM Biomedical Research Centre, King\u2019s College Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00298-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3312"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Cephalalgia","author":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society","year":"2018","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. 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