{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:37:06Z","timestamp":1777491426918,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644883200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"The National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019R1F1A1053841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1F1A1053841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with migraine present ictal elevation of endothelin-1 levels. Migraine can be subclassified into episodic migraine and chronic migraine. Apart from the inconsistent reports on interictal endothelin-1 levels, most studies did not distinguish between episodic migraine and chronic migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We measured plasma endothelin-1 levels in participants with episodic migraine (n\u2009=\u200987), with chronic migraine (n\u2009=\u200988), and controls (n\u2009=\u200950).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interictal endothelin-1 levels were not significantly different among participants with episodic migraine, those with chronic migraine, and controls (pg\/ml, median and interquartile range, 10.19 [7.76\u201313.69] vs. 9.25 [6.91\u201310.73] vs. 9.46 [7.00\u201314.19], p\u2009=\u20090.131). After excluding participants with fibromyalgia (n\u2009=\u200950) and medication-overuse headache (n\u2009=\u200921), endothelin-1 levels were still similar among groups (10.51 [7.96\u201314.10] vs. 9.24 [6.96\u201310.81] vs. 9.46 [7.00\u201314.19], p\u2009=\u20090.230). Endothelin-1 levels did not significantly differ among participants with migraine with aura, those with migraine without aura, and controls (9.36 [4.26\u201313.35] vs. 9.50 [7.23\u201313.02] vs. 9.46 [7.00\u201314.19], p\u2009=\u20090.975). There was no significant association of endothelin-1 with headache intensity (mild, 8.99 [8.99\u20138.99] vs. moderate, 8.71 [6.85\u201312.15] vs. severe, 9.55 [7.23\u201313.13], p\u2009=\u20090.517) or headache frequency per month (exponential and 95% confidence interval, 0.709 [0.296\u20131.698], p\u2009=\u20090.440) in participants with episodic migraine and chronic migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interictal plasma endothelin-1 level is an unlikely marker for episodic migraine and chronic migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  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