{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:53:05Z","timestamp":1792806785313,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660262400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cytokines are important endogenous substances that are involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Neurogenic inflammation has been proposed to play a role in migraine involving altered cytokine levels. Therefore, we aimed to provide a systematic review on the current knowledge on cytokine levels in migraine patients during and outside attacks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Databases of PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for studies investigating cytokine levels in migraine patients during and outside attacks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Screening yielded identification of 45 articles investigating 18 cytokines in total. We found that the interictal level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10, was decreased, while the level of transforming growth factor beta 1 was increased in migraine patients compared to controls. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 and interleukin 6, were increased outside attacks compared to controls. Ictal levels of cytokines were unchanged or varying compared to the interictal state in migraine patients. Three studies reported dynamic cytokines levels during the course of an attack.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings of the current review underline a possible involvement of cytokines in the proposed inflammatory mechanisms of migraine. However, future studies are needed to expand our knowledge of the exact role of cytokines in the migraine pathophysiology with focus on cytokines TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u00df, IL-6 and IL-10 while applying refined methodology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024221118924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,13]],"date-time":"2022-08-13T01:14:41Z","timestamp":1660353281000},"page":"1565-1588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["The role of cytokines in migraine: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7166-0976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janu","family":"Thuraiaiyah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Erritz\u00f8e-Jervild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haidar Muhsen","family":"Al-Khazali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6262-2986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik Winther","family":"Schytz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samaira","family":"Younis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.64.10_suppl_2.S9"},{"key":"bibr2-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30185-1"},{"key":"bibr3-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0216-y"},{"key":"bibr4-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1915327"},{"key":"bibr5-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20000801)50:3<184::AID-JEMT2>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"bibr6-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.4.742"},{"key":"bibr7-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000055313.77510.22"},{"key":"bibr8-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.05135.x"},{"key":"bibr9-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00337.x"},{"key":"bibr10-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411430848"},{"key":"bibr11-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000692"},{"key":"bibr12-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.10.009"},{"key":"bibr13-03331024221118924","first-page":"307","volume":"12","author":"Ayd\u0131n M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Gen Med"},{"key":"bibr14-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.038703"},{"key":"bibr15-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700"},{"key":"bibr16-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1988.0801001.x","volume":"8","author":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"bibr17-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"bibr18-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2003.00824.x","volume":"24","author":"Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society (IHS)","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"bibr19-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0b013e318034194e"},{"key":"bibr20-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2009.02.001"},{"key":"bibr21-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(10)70268-1"},{"key":"bibr22-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-019-1801-y"},{"key":"bibr23-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2008.01727.x"},{"key":"bibr24-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.01.008"},{"key":"bibr25-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14088"},{"key":"bibr26-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-014-1931-1"},{"key":"bibr27-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2003.00453.x"},{"key":"bibr28-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.10.005"},{"key":"bibr29-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ninp.2013.36760"},{"key":"bibr30-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2009.04.019"},{"key":"bibr31-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.00246.x"},{"key":"bibr32-03331024221118924","first-page":"1111","volume":"15","author":"Uzar E","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"bibr33-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1991.1102065.x"},{"key":"bibr34-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-014-2010-3"},{"key":"bibr35-03331024221118924","first-page":"930","volume":"20","author":"Yucel M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"bibr36-03331024221118924","first-page":"257","volume":"12","author":"Covelli V","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Neurol (Napoli)"},{"key":"bibr37-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459108986270"},{"key":"bibr38-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416639517"},{"key":"bibr39-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1993.hed3310524.x"},{"key":"bibr40-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001090050130"},{"key":"bibr41-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.1998.3806465.x"},{"key":"bibr42-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2001.01140.x"},{"key":"bibr43-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2004.04189.x"},{"key":"bibr44-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1991.hed3105310.x"},{"key":"bibr45-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-010-0233-0"},{"key":"bibr46-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12839"},{"key":"bibr47-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2015.06.005"},{"key":"bibr48-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2019.1681994"},{"key":"bibr49-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-017-0992-8"},{"key":"bibr50-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40780-021-00192-0"},{"key":"bibr51-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13211"},{"key":"bibr52-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00722.x"},{"key":"bibr53-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-04151-4"},{"key":"bibr54-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2001.111006129.x"},{"key":"bibr55-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000487141"},{"key":"bibr56-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.09.008"},{"key":"bibr57-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3493-0"},{"key":"bibr58-03331024221118924","first-page":"83","volume":"19","author":"Togha M","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"bibr59-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37212\/jcnos.806797"},{"key":"bibr60-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2009.00301.x"},{"key":"bibr61-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-024-0921-5_5"},{"key":"bibr62-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.9.5771"},{"key":"bibr63-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2009.04.008"},{"key":"bibr64-03331024221118924","author":"Hadjikhani N","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"bibr65-03331024221118924","first-page":"S16","volume":"43","author":"Moskowitz MA.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"bibr66-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.10.022"},{"key":"bibr67-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2000.00146.x"},{"key":"bibr68-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.137"},{"key":"bibr69-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.12.2490"},{"key":"bibr70-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00037.2003"},{"key":"bibr71-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32162-0"},{"key":"bibr72-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000831"},{"key":"bibr73-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13081"},{"key":"bibr74-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000702"},{"key":"bibr75-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102419882474"},{"key":"bibr76-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2002.00310.x"},{"key":"bibr77-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22292"},{"key":"bibr78-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-69032-8_5"},{"key":"bibr79-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2003.09.021"},{"key":"bibr80-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.03.010"},{"key":"bibr81-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.05.016"},{"key":"bibr82-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21607"},{"key":"bibr83-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.11.031"},{"key":"bibr84-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-018-0676-y"},{"key":"bibr85-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.10.002"},{"key":"bibr86-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01286-8"},{"key":"bibr87-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-010-0260-x"},{"key":"bibr88-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.21.12544"},{"key":"bibr89-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030711"},{"key":"bibr90-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.01.074"},{"key":"bibr91-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(01)00094-8"},{"key":"bibr92-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03524.x"},{"key":"bibr93-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017360"},{"key":"bibr94-03331024221118924","first-page":"48","volume":"20","author":"Durham PL.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"bibr95-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20160096"},{"key":"bibr96-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12651"},{"key":"bibr97-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200262170-00013"},{"key":"bibr98-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200059060-00010"},{"key":"bibr99-03331024221118924","first-page":"CD012877","volume":"5","author":"Townsend CM","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr100-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.10.70"},{"key":"bibr101-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102412439354"},{"key":"bibr102-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-024-0921-5_2"},{"key":"bibr103-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.06.010"},{"key":"bibr104-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00888"},{"key":"bibr105-03331024221118924","author":"Kelly-Welch A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci STKE"},{"key":"bibr106-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.56.5.559"},{"key":"bibr107-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152809787582507"},{"key":"bibr108-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.1999.00099.x"},{"key":"bibr109-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(90)90035-8"},{"key":"bibr110-03331024221118924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2003.10.019"}],"container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03331024221118924","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03331024221118924","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03331024221118924","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:49:39Z","timestamp":1777387779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03331024221118924"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03331024221118924"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03331024221118924","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.742280502.793594959","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0333-1024","1468-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0333-1024","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]}}}