{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:06:59Z","timestamp":1787018819474,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epidemiological studies have reported a comorbid relationship between migraine and thyroid dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated the genetic relationship between migraine and thyroid function traits using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found a significant genetic correlation ( r\n                      <jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) with migraine for hypothyroidism ( r\n                      <jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0608), secondary hypothyroidism ( r\n                      <jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.195), free thyroxine (fT4) ( r\n                      <jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0772), and hyperthyroidism ( r\n                      <jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u20130.1046), but not thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Pairwise GWAS analysis revealed two shared loci with TSH and 11 shared loci with fT4. Cross-trait GWAS meta-analysis of migraine identified novel genome-wide significant loci: 17 with hypothyroidism, one with hyperthyroidism, five with secondary hypothyroidism, eight with TSH, and 15 with fT4. Of the genes at these loci, six ( RERE, TGFB2, APLF, SLC9B1, SGTB, BTBD16; migraine\u2009+\u2009hypothyroidism), three ( GADD45A, PFDN1, RSPH6A; migraine\u2009+\u2009TSH), and three ( SSBP3, BRD3, TEF; migraine\u2009+\u2009fT4) were significant in our gene-based analysis ( p\n                      <jats:sub>Fisher\u2019s\u2009combined\u2009P-value<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20092.04\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). In addition, causal analyses suggested a negative causal relationship between migraine and hyperthyroidism ( p\u2009=\u20098.90\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and a positive causal relationship between migraine and secondary hypothyroidism ( p\u2009=\u20091.30\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings provide strong evidence for genetic correlation and suggest complex causal relationships between migraine and thyroid traits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024221139253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]],"date-time":"2023-02-05T03:08:31Z","timestamp":1675566511000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Shared genetics and causal relationships between migraine and thyroid function traits"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4845-5202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sana","family":"Tasnim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistical and Genomic Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott G","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner 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