{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:49:27Z","timestamp":1793040567434,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Greater occipital nerve blockade for the prevention of chronic migraine has a limited evidence base. A robust randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, following a baseline period of four weeks, randomly assigned patients of chronic migraine 1:1 to receive four-weekly bilateral greater occipital nerve blockade with either 2\u2009ml of 2% (40\u2009mg) lidocaine (active group) or 2\u2009ml of 0.9% saline (placebo) injections for 12 weeks. The primary and key secondary efficacy endpoints were a change from the baseline in the mean number of headache and migraine days and the achievement of \u226550% reduction in headache days from baseline across the weeks 9\u201312 respectively. Safety evaluations included the documentation and reporting of serious and other adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-two patients each were randomly allocated to the active and placebo group. Baseline demography and clinical characteristics were similar between the two groups. Mean headache and migraine days at baseline (\u00b1SD) were 23.4\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4 and 15.6\u2009\u00b1\u20095.7 days in the active group and 22.6\u2009\u00b1\u20095.0 and 14.6\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6 days in the placebo group respectively. The active group compared to the placebo had a significantly greater least-squares mean reduction in the number of headache and migraine days (\u22124.2 days [95% CI: \u22127.5 to \u22120.8; p\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u20090.018] and \u22124.7 days [95%CI: \u22127.7 to \u22121.7; p\u2009=\u20090.003] respectively). 40.9% of patients in the active group achieved \u226550% reduction in headache days as compared with 9.1% of patients receiving a placebo (p\u2009=\u20090.024). Overall, 64 mild and transient adverse events were reported by 16 patients in the active group and 15 in the placebo. No death or serious adverse events were reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four-weekly greater occipital nerve blockade with 2% lidocaine for 12 weeks was superior to placebo in decreasing the average number of headache and migraine days in patients with chronic migraine with a good tolerability profile. Clinical trial.gov no. CTRI 2020\/07\/026709<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024221143541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]],"date-time":"2023-02-05T03:30:45Z","timestamp":1675567845000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Greater occipital nerve blockade for the preventive treatment of chronic migraine: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0293-5438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debashish","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, G B Pant institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apoorva","family":"Tomar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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