{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:28:28Z","timestamp":1793741308863,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37 NS079678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37 NS079678"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 NS094198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 NS094198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 NS106345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 NS106345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004312","name":"Eli Lilly and Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32939"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine is a complex neurological disorder involving generalized abnormalities in processing sensory information. Adopting evidence that central sensitization imposes major hurdles in the treatment of migraine, we hypothesized that it is the non-ictal (rather than ictal) allodynia that may determine the outcome of migraine prevention with peripherally-acting drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test this hypothesis, we used Quantitative Sensory Testing to determine whether it is possible to identify a patient\u2019s response to prophylactic treatment with galcanezumab based on presence\/absence of cephalic and\/or extracephalic allodynia during the pre-treatment non-ictal phase of migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using strict criteria for allodynia (heat 32\u201340\u00b0C, cold 32\u201320\u00b0C, mechanical &lt;60\u2009g), we report that (a) the incidence of pre-treatment non-ictal cephalic allodynia was 21% in the 24 responders (&gt;50% decrease in monthly migraine days) and 85% in the 19 non-responders; (b) the incidence of non-ictal extracephalic allodynia distinguishes responders from non-responders less accurately; and that (c) the incidence of non-ictal cephalic allodynia was similar in the chronic migraine and high-frequency episodic migraine groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinically, the findings suggest that presence\/absence of non-ictal allodynia can be used to identify galcanezumab responders with nearly 80% accuracy and galcanezumab non-responders with nearly 85% accuracy. Mechanistically, the presence of non-ictal allodynia (reflecting a state of activity-independent central sensitization) in both chronic migraine and high-frequency episodic migraine patients raises the possibility that the state of non-ictal allodynia may be attributed to physiological properties of central trigeminovascular neurons that are due to the genetic load of the individual patient rather than their migraine frequency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024221147881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T05:40:45Z","timestamp":1676353245000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Pre-treatment non-ictal cephalic allodynia identifies responders to prophylactic treatment of chronic and episodic migraine patients with galcanezumab: A prospective quantitative sensory testing study (NCT04271202)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Sait","family":"Ashina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Comprehensive Headache Center, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agustin","family":"Melo-Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Comprehensive Headache Center, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edina","family":"Szabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Borsook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Departments of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rami","family":"Burstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Comprehensive Headache Center, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03331024221147881","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2866-0"},{"key":"bibr2-03331024221147881","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0373-15.2015"},{"key":"bibr3-03331024221147881","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00034.2015"},{"key":"bibr4-03331024221147881","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2007.01500.x"},{"key":"bibr5-03331024221147881","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2007.01502.x"},{"key":"bibr6-03331024221147881","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2003.00571.x"},{"key":"bibr7-03331024221147881","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.04.025"},{"key":"bibr8-03331024221147881","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Hyperalgesia and Allodynia: Taxonomy, Assessment, and 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