{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:16:12Z","timestamp":1790172972852,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine affects &gt;1 billion people but its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Alterations in the trigeminovascular system play an important role. We have compared corneal nerve morphology in patients with migraine to healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty patients with episodic (n\u2009=\u200932) or chronic (n\u2009=\u200928) migraine and 20 age-matched healthy control subjects were studied cross-sectionally. Their migraine characteristics and signs and symptoms of dry eyes were assessed. Manual and automated quantification of corneal nerves was undertaken by corneal confocal microscopy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In patients with migraine compared to controls, manual corneal nerve fiber density (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), branch density (P\u2009=\u20090.015) and length (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001); and automated corneal nerve fiber density (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), branch density (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), length (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), total branch density (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), nerve fiber area (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), nerve fiber width (P\u2009=\u20090.045) and fractal dimension (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were lower. Automated corneal nerve fiber density was higher in patients with episodic migraine and aura (P\u2009=\u20090.010); and fractal dimension (P\u2009=\u20090.029) was lower in patients with more headache days in the last three months. Automated corneal nerve fiber density predicted a significant amount of the observed variance in pain intensity (adjusted r\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.14, partial r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.37, P\u2009=\u20090.004) in patients with migraine.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Corneal confocal microscopy reveals corneal nerve loss in patients with migraine. It may serve as an objective imaging biomarker of neurodegeneration in migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024231170810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]],"date-time":"2023-05-13T02:33:36Z","timestamp":1683945216000},"page":"033310242311708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Corneal confocal microscopy identifies corneal nerve fiber loss in patients with migraine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Yigit Can","family":"Guldiken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kocaeli University Research and Application Hospital, \u0130zmit\/Kocaeli, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis N","family":"Petropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rayaz A","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Refref","family":"Y\u00fcksel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kocaeli University Research and Application Hospital, \u0130zmit\/Kocaeli, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faik","family":"Budak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kocaeli University Research and Application Hospital, \u0130zmit\/Kocaeli, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamit Macit","family":"Selekler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kocaeli University Research and Application Hospital, \u0130zmit\/Kocaeli, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03331024231170810","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002275"},{"key":"bibr2-03331024231170810","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70193-0"},{"key":"bibr3-03331024231170810","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12174"},{"key":"bibr4-03331024231170810","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-022-02680-8"},{"key":"bibr5-03331024231170810","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002424"},{"key":"bibr6-03331024231170810","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-022-01030-0"},{"key":"bibr7-03331024231170810","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12887"},{"key":"bibr8-03331024231170810","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12547"},{"key":"bibr9-03331024231170810","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001403"},{"key":"bibr10-03331024231170810","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S196705"},{"key":"bibr11-03331024231170810","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.02.011"},{"key":"bibr12-03331024231170810","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413485658"},{"key":"bibr13-03331024231170810","unstructured":"Phase Locked Software. 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