{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T23:48:58Z","timestamp":1788220138564,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Currently, only a few specific blood pressure-lowering medications are recommended for migraine prevention. Whether benefits extend to other classes or drugs is uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials were searched for randomized control trials on the effect of blood pressure-lowering medications compared with placebo in participants with episodic migraine. Data were collected on four outcomes \u2013 monthly headache or migraine days, and monthly headache or migraine attacks, with a standardised mean difference calculated for overall. Random effect meta-analysis was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 50 trials (70% of which were crossover) were included, comprising 60 comparisons. Overall mean age was 39 years, and 79% were female. Monthly headache days were fewer in all classes compared to placebo, and this was statistically significant for all but one class: alpha-blockers \u22120.7 (95% CI: \u22121.2, \u22120.1), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors \u22121.3 (95% CI: \u22122.9, 0.2), angiotensin II receptor blockers \u22120.9 (\u22121.6, \u22120.1), beta-blocker \u22120.4 (\u22120.8, \u22120.0) and calcium channel blockers \u22121.8 (\u22123.4, \u22120.2). Standardised mean difference was significantly reduced for all drug classes and was separately significant for numerous specific drugs: clonidine, candesartan, atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, propranolol, timolol, nicardipine and verapamil.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among people with episodic migraine, a broader number of blood pressure-lowering medication classes and drugs reduce headache frequency than those currently included in treatment guidelines. Trial Registration: The study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42017079176).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024231183166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,24]],"date-time":"2023-06-24T12:09:53Z","timestamp":1687608593000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The effect of blood pressure lowering medications on the prevention of episodic migraine: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8942-953X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheryl","family":"Carcel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, , University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, 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