{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T08:14:09Z","timestamp":1793261649446,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009123","name":"Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009123","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the efficacy and safety of injecting onabotulinum toxin A (BTA) towards the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) using the MultiGuide\u00ae in patients with persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-over, exploratory study compared the injection of 25 units BTA versus placebo in patients who met modified ICDH-3 criteria for PIFP. Daily pain diaries were registered for a 4-week baseline, a 12-week follow-up after each injection, and an 8-week conceptual washout period in between. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline to weeks 5\u20138 in average pain intensity using a numeric rating scale. Adverse events were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 30 patients who were randomized to treatment, 29 were evaluable. In weeks 5\u20138, there was no statistically significant difference in average pain intensity between BTA versus placebo (0.00; 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22120.57 to 0.57) ( P\u2009=\u20090.996). Following both BTA and placebo injections, five participants reported at least a 30% reduction in average pain during weeks 5\u20138 ( P\u2009=\u20091.000). No serious adverse events were reported. Post-hoc analyses indicated a possible carry-over effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Injection of BTA toward the SPG with the MultiGuide\u00ae did not appear to provide a reduction in pain reduction at 5\u20138 weeks, although this finding may be influenced by a carry-over effect. The injection appears to otherwise be safe and well-tolerated in patients with PIFP. Trial Registration: The study protocol is registered in ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT03462290) and EUDRACT (number: 2017-002518-30).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024231187132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T05:42:39Z","timestamp":1689140559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Onabotulinum toxin A block of the sphenopalatine ganglion in patients with persistent idiopathic facial pain: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, exploratory, cross-over study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Kent A.","family":"Jamt\u00f8y","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4898-6169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenche M.","family":"Thorstensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars J.","family":"Stovner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headaches, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Ros\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Haukelands University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stine","family":"Maarbjerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Bratbak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headaches, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie R.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinical Research Unit, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erling","family":"Tronvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headaches, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03331024231187132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"bibr2-03331024231187132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102419893823"},{"key":"bibr3-03331024231187132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416675618"},{"key":"bibr4-03331024231187132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2021.07.021"},{"key":"bibr5-03331024231187132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.08.023"},{"key":"bibr6-03331024231187132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411424619"},{"key":"bibr7-03331024231187132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417706349"},{"key":"bibr8-03331024231187132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S269329"},{"key":"bibr9-03331024231187132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2019.02.013"},{"key":"bibr10-03331024231187132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2016.02.012"},{"key":"bibr11-03331024231187132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0826-y"},{"key":"bibr12-03331024231187132","first-page":"989","volume":"87","author":"Sluder 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