{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:22:41Z","timestamp":1787160161671,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JR23\/00005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JR23\/00005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JR23\/00065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JR23\/00065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Time in headache disorders is crucial for diagnosis and gives insight into headache pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To summarize published studies which describe timing processes in both attack presentation (onset, duration) and disease characterization (age of onset, evolution over time) in primary headache disorders and link to pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive search was conducted through Ovid MEDLINE(R) and PubMed, focusing on English-language articles from 1946 to 2023 to write the review. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition provided the framework for the review of primary headache disorders (migraine, tension-type headache and cluster headache).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Attack presentation: Migraine attacks exhibit significant circadian and infradian rhythms, influenced by hormonal levels, light sensitivity, and hypothalamic activation. Tension-type headache lacks clear chronobiological patterns, with limited understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Cluster headache displays a distinct circannual pattern, with attacks often occurring at night and relevant involvement of the hypothalamus. Disease characterization: Age of onset exhibits the earliest peak in migraine; frequency and typical features of primary headache disorders decrease over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This comprehensive analysis of time patterns in primary headache disorders underscores their role in phenotyping, understanding and treating primary headache disorders, offering promising avenues for advancing and tailoring headache management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024241297652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T01:50:37Z","timestamp":1731981037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Time and headache: Insights into timing processes in primary headache disorders for diagnosis, underlying pathophysiology and treatment implications"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1228-1503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia","family":"Gonzalez-Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4833-5507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason C.","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, 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Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Heath Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia Catherine","family":"Dantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Medical City, Metro Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helin","family":"Gosalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR King's Clinical Research Facility, & SLaM Biomedical Research Centre, The Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre (SPaRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0782-6724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heewon","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jee Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's \rHospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, \rSeoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin Sophie","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charit\u00e9 Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicia","family":"Jennysdotter Olofsg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cluster Headache, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 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