{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T16:04:53Z","timestamp":1780329893525,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CM21\/00178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CM21\/00178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JR23\/00005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JR23\/00005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI24\/01085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI24\/01085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our knowledge of the presence and type of premonitory symptoms in patients with cluster headache is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Premonitory symptom presence and type in a clinical cohort of cluster headache and migraine was collated retrospectively from clinical notes, alongside a cluster headache nitroglycerin triggered experimental group and an age-matched migraine nitroglycerin experimental group. Demographic data and premonitory symptoms in cluster headache and migraine patients were analysed. The primary focus was on premonitory symptom presence and phenotype in cluster headache patients, with secondary analysis exploring associated factors and comparing spontaneous and nitroglycerin-triggered symptoms in cluster headache and migraine cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 164 cluster headache patients, 122\/164 (74%) males, aged 45.9 \u00b1 13.8 years (mean \u00b1 SD), 66\/164 (40%) had chronic cluster headache and 32\/164 (20%) had also comorbid migraine. Among them, 85% exhibited premonitory symptoms for which the presence was associated with oxygen treatment. No significant differences were found in symptom frequency between cluster headache and migraine cohorts or within spontaneous and nitroglycerin-triggered symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights recognizable spontaneous and nitroglycerin-triggered premonitory symptoms in cluster headache and factors potentially impacting cluster headache management, which may aid in tailoring treatment strategies for both conditions through the use of treatment prediction and early intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024251331554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:14:26Z","timestamp":1745972066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of premonitory spontaneous and nitroglycerin triggered symptoms among patients with cluster headache and migraine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1228-1503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia","family":"Gonzalez-Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London"},{"name":"Hospital Universitario de la Princesa"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0644-7172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana Y.","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London"},{"name":"King's College Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6946-5637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazia","family":"Karsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8178-3177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karthik","family":"Nagaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1551-8200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helin","family":"Gosalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3260-5904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Goadsby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London"},{"name":"King's College Hospital"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18103\/mra.v10i12.3363"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26583"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)02470-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0098-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417726498"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1998.1802091.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13242"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"205","article-title":"Pain and behaviour in cluster headache. A prospective study and review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Torelli P","year":"2003","unstructured":"Torelli P, Manzoni GC. Pain and behaviour in cluster headache. A prospective study and review of the literature. Funct Neurol 2003; 18: 205\u2013210.","journal-title":"Funct Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102421989255"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.1999.3908565.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000654"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00140"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00152-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420975401"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102421989617"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420910114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10344-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15956"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2009.01501.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01683-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00517-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13295"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01459-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","article-title":"Cluster headache: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, and diagnosis","volume":"21","author":"Wei DYT","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wei DYT, Yuan Ong JJ, Goadsby PJ. 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