{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T22:31:32Z","timestamp":1791585092791,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Migraine is a complex neurobiological disorder that extends beyond physical symptoms to encompass profound mental, emotional and existential dimensions. Despite its prevalence, the philosophical aspects of migraine remain underexplored in scientific research. This review examines migraine through a philosophical lens, addressing questions of pain, suffering, consciousness and communication. It highlights the different perspectives of neuroscientists, clinicians and patients: the former seeks to understand migraine as a neurological dysfunction, while the latter experiences it as an intensely personal and subjective affliction, and the clinicians try to build a bridge. Bridging these perspectives requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating neuroscience, philosophy and patient narratives. Philosophical reflections posed by Nietzsche (How should we confront suffering?), Sartre (existence precedes essence) and Camus (How can we accept the absurdity of life and still continue to embrace life fully?) provide a framework to understand the subjective experience of pain and its meaning in human existence. By considering migraine both as a subjective and objective phenomenon, this work advocates for a holistic, patient-centered approach to treatment. It argues that addressing migraine's multifaceted nature, including its physical, emotional, cultural and existential dimensions, can lead to more meaningful and effective therapeutic strategies. This interdisciplinary exploration aims to inspire clinicians to embrace a more comprehensive and empathetic framework for migraine care, a human-to-human service.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024251343225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T03:43:02Z","timestamp":1747971782000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Philosophical aspects of migraine: Headache treatment is a human-to-human service"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Emmenegger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Philosophy and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Switzerland, Agno-Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5686-0200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas R.","family":"Gantenbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Neurologie am Untertor, B\u00fclach, Switzerland"},{"name":"Neurology, Pain &amp; Research, ZURZACH Care, Bad Zurzach, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1383","article-title":"The mysterious \u2018mental illness\u2019 of a philosopher: the case of Blaise Pascal","volume":"60","author":"Sava A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sava A, Dumitrescu M, Dumitrescu GF, et al. The mysterious \u2018mental illness\u2019 of a philosopher: the case of Blaise Pascal. Romanian J Morphol Embryol Rev Roum Morphol Embryol 2019; 60: 1383\u20131389.","journal-title":"Romanian J Morphol Embryol Rev Roum Morphol Embryol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0964704X.2012.712825"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-11806"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","volume-title":"Die sokratische Methode. Das Handbuch der praktischen Philosophie","author":"Farnsworth W","year":"2023","unstructured":"Farnsworth W. Die sokratische Methode. Das Handbuch der praktischen Philosophie. 1st ed. M\u00fcnchen: FinanzBuch Verlag, 2023.","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","volume-title":"Werkausgabe","author":"Wittgenstein L","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wittgenstein L. Werkausgabe. Berlin: Suhrkamp, 1993."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2183356"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","volume-title":"The conscious mind. In search of a fundamental theory","author":"Chalmers DJ","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chalmers DJ. The conscious mind. In search of a fundamental theory. US: Oxford University Press, 1996."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","volume-title":"Das Leben verstehen","author":"Schmid W","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schmid W. Das Leben verstehen. 1st ed. Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2016.","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/whr.2021.0122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17433\/978-3-17-039465-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"214","volume-title":"Mit anderen Augen. Aspekte einer philosophischen Anthropologie","author":"Plessner H","year":"2004","unstructured":"Plessner H. Mit anderen Augen. Aspekte einer philosophischen Anthropologie. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2004, p.214. (Universal-Bibliothek\u202f; 7886)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","article-title":"Reconsidering the international association for the study of pain definition of pain","volume":"3","author":"Cohen M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cohen M, Quintner J, van Rysewyk S. Reconsidering the international association for the study of pain definition of pain. Pain Rep 2018; 3: e634.","journal-title":"Pain Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ctn7020014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/85745-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000208074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-019-0829-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17433\/978-3-17-044567-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-023-00484-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"64","volume-title":"On being ill","author":"Woolf V","year":"2002","unstructured":"Woolf V. On being ill. Paris: Paris Press, 2002, p.64."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","volume-title":"Husserl-Handbuch. Leben \u2013 Werk \u2013 Wirkung","author":"Luft S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Luft S, Wehrle M. Husserl-Handbuch. Leben \u2013 Werk \u2013 Wirkung. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2021.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","volume-title":"Zur Genealogie der Moral. Eine Streitschrift","author":"Nietzsche F","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nietzsche F. Zur Genealogie der Moral. Eine Streitschrift. 1st ed. Berlin: Insel, 2008.","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1995.hed3509527.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2003.03166.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","volume-title":"Das Sein und das Nichts","author":"Sartre JP","unstructured":"Sartre JP. Das Sein und das Nichts. Hamburg: Rowohlt, 2023 [cited 2025 Jan 3]. https:\/\/www.rowohlt.de\/buch\/jean-paul-sartre-das-sein-und-das-nichts-9783644018822."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","volume-title":"Le Mythe de Sisyphe [Der Mythos des Sisyphos]","author":"Camus A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Camus A. Le Mythe de Sisyphe [Der Mythos des Sisyphos]. 14th ed. Hamburg: Rowohlt, 2012.","edition":"14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.756080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","volume-title":"Sein und Zeit","author":"Heidegger M","year":"2006","unstructured":"Heidegger M. Sein und Zeit. 19th ed. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2006.","edition":"19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-023-00456-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-016-9587-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-56946-3_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195166750.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/86023-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"113","article-title":"Pain: history, culture and philosophy","volume":"13","author":"Khan MA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khan MA, Raza F, Khan IA. Pain: history, culture and philosophy. Acta Medico-Hist Adriat AMHA 2015; 13: 113\u2013130.","journal-title":"Acta Medico-Hist Adriat AMHA"}],"container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03331024251343225","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03331024251343225","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03331024251343225","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:46:54Z","timestamp":1777387614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03331024251343225"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03331024251343225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03331024251343225","relation":{},"ISSN":["0333-1024","1468-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0333-1024","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"article-number":"03331024251343225"}}