{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T23:08:09Z","timestamp":1793920089136,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ricerca Corrente 2025\u20132027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente 2025\u20132027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present prospective, real-world study aims to assess anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) effectiveness across three consecutive one-year treatment cycles by means of a conservative intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 179 subjects (75.4% females, 51.3 years 95% confidence interval [49.2\u201353.4] years), 87.2% with chronic migraine and medication overuse) who started mAbs between 2018 and 2020. We recorded clinical data supported by a prospectively filled headache diary up to three one-year treatment cycles. The ITT analysis was performed with a multivariate linear mixed model considering the entire population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We observed a marked and consistent reduction in monthly migraine days (MMDs) across the three one-year cycles of treatment: \u221212.7 )[\u221211.4 \u2013 \u221214.1] at end of the first year of treatment (C1), \u221212.4 [\u221211.0 \u2013 \u221213.8] at the end of the second year (C2) and \u221212.9 [\u221211.4 \u2013 \u221214.3] at the end of the third year (C3). Baseline and residual MMDs progressively decreased across the three cycles (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.008): from 21.1 [19.8\u201322.4] to 9.6 [8.3\u201311.0] in C1, from 19.0 [17.4\u201320.5] to 9.6 [8.1\u201311.1] in C2, and from 15.9 [14.3\u201317.5] to 8.5 [6.9\u201310.1] in C3. At the end of C3, the 50% response rate was 38.5% (69\/179)\n                      <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our cohort, mAbs induced a meaningful and sustained reduction in MMDs across three consecutive one-year cycles of treatment. The ITT analysis revealed a remaining high burden of disease. While confirming mAbs effectiveness in migraine prevention, these findings underscore the need for more treatment approaches and for exploring other non-CGRP dependent pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024251353421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T06:20:48Z","timestamp":1754547648000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Real world effectiveness of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies over three consecutive one-year treatment cycles: An intention-to-treat analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0117-7126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Vaghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Headache Science &amp; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9251-6925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Corrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Headache Science &amp; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Magdalena","family":"Pocora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Headache Science &amp; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2766-6304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Bighiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Headache Science &amp; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0544-6132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francescantonio","family":"Cammarota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Headache Science &amp; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5962-9062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Antoniazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Headache Science &amp; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Costantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Headache Science &amp; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6355-7947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Science &amp; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8580-040X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Allena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Science &amp; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9907-9534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natascia","family":"Ghiotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Science &amp; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Guaschino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Science &amp; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0151-3962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Bottiroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Headache Science &amp; 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