{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:26:29Z","timestamp":1792718789740,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Whether migraine with aura (MA) is a biologically independent entity from migraine without aura (MO) is still debated. Similarities and differences between MO and MA have been extensively investigated in recent years through several neuroimaging studies, providing valuable insights into their underlying pathophysiology. To provide a better understanding of functional and structural differences between MO and MA, we conducted a narrative review of neuroimaging studies in these two conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive PubMed search for neuroimaging studies in MO and MA was conducted in May 2025. We included studies that directly compared the two conditions using diffusion tensor imaging, voxel-based morphometry, surface-based morphometry, functional MRI and arterial spin labeling studies. No publication date restrictions were applied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, patients with MA exhibited heightened engagement of the visual regions, cerebellum and thalamus. However, both MO and MA shared common activation of parts of the salience network and involvement of similar visual areas, including the striate and extrastriate cortices. However, contrasting results and several inconsistencies emerged from the analysis of different imaging studies. These included the lack of specification regarding the phase of the migraine cycle during which the scans were conducted, the inclusion of patients under migraine prevention, small sample sizes, and different approaches to data and statistical analysis (including a more liberal approach to interpreting results).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although several biases influence the reliability of most findings, patients with MA exhibited higher involvement of visual processing regions, decreased cerebellar antinociceptive activity and impaired thalamic information filtering. Whether this pattern represents the consequence of the recurrence of cortical spreading depression or a primary predisposition to it remains to be determined. Future studies with a rigorous and standardized approach are needed to understand the differences between MO and MA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024251365807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T08:00:36Z","timestamp":1757664036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Brain imaging in migraine with and without aura: Similarities and differences"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Casillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4231-4417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Sebastianelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Abagnale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Di Renzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS \u2013 Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5563-1243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Ziccardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences \u201cVincenzo Tiberio\u201d, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical and Research Center of Neurophthalmology and Genetic and Rare Diseases of the Eye, IRCCS \u2013 Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS \u2013 Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8510-6925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Neurophysiological model of migraine pathophysiology: bringing the past into the future","author":"Coppola G","unstructured":"Coppola G, Pierelli F, Schoenen J, et al. Neurophysiological model of migraine pathophysiology: bringing the past into the future. Cham: In Springer, 2021 [cited 2020 Oct 22]. p. 223\u2013236. Available from: http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-56538-1_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-04250-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1992.1204221.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-1008-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202","article-title":"Headache classification committee of the international headache society (IHS) the international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition","volume":"38","unstructured":"Headache classification committee of the international headache society (IHS) the international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia 2018 Jan 25; 38: 1\u2013211.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1944.7.6.359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/033310240102100704"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.071582498"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0370-4475(87)80066-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199412223312505"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1293"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2004.04048.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2024.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520260040017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.782"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003631"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2017.00138"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030402"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22266"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12587"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","first-page":"333102425133942","article-title":"Intact white matter in adults with migraine: a REFORM MRI study","volume":"45","author":"Gollion C","unstructured":"Gollion C, Ashina H, H\u00e4ckert Christensen R, et al. Intact white matter in adults with migraine: a REFORM MRI study. Cephalalgia 2025 May; 45: 3331024251339423.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-013-0491-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-23-827"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24927"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004640"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000291618.32247.2d"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102418795163"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102415583144"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01473-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-1002-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102412474503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414547782"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/PJNNS.a2019.0035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","first-page":"3196","article-title":"Altered cortical and subcortical local coherence in migraine with and without aura:evidence from resting-state fMRI","volume":"95","author":"Zhang X","unstructured":"Zhang X, Wang Z, Zhang Y, et al. Altered cortical and subcortical local coherence in migraine with and without aura:evidence from resting-state fMRI. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2015 Oct 20; 95: 3196\u20133200.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102415584360"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-016-0716-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0782-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v2.i10.384"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01501-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01885-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2003.00510.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411435985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1088-18.2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417694884"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0005-19.2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12296"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt320"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2007.00776.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww097"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","first-page":"333102424128722","article-title":"Insights from triggers and prodromal symptoms on how migraine attacks start: the threshold hypothesis","volume":"44","author":"Sebastianelli G","unstructured":"Sebastianelli G, Atalar A\u00c7, Cetta I, et al. Insights from triggers and prodromal symptoms on how migraine attacks start: the threshold hypothesis. Cephalalgia 2024 Oct; 44: 3331024241287224.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","article-title":"Topiramate modulates trigeminal pain processing in thalamo-cortical networks in humans after single dose administration","volume":"12","author":"Hebestreit JM","unstructured":"Hebestreit JM, May A. Topiramate modulates trigeminal pain processing in thalamo-cortical networks in humans after single dose administration. PLOS ONE 2017 Oct 9; 12: e0184406. Fuh JL, editor.","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0827-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11879-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01526-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","first-page":"333102422114478","article-title":"Longitudinal differences in iron deposition in periaqueductal gray matter and anterior cingulate cortex are associated with response to erenumab in migraine","volume":"43","author":"Nikolova S","unstructured":"Nikolova S, Chong CD, Dumkrieger GM, et al. Longitudinal differences in iron deposition in periaqueductal gray matter and anterior cingulate cortex are associated with response to erenumab in migraine. Cephalalgia 2023 Feb; 43: 3331024221144783.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024211046618"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","article-title":"Gray matter volume modifications in migraine","volume":"91","author":"Messina R","unstructured":"Messina R, Rocca MA, Colombo B, et al. Gray matter volume modifications in migraine. Neurology 2018 Jul 17; 91: e280\u2013e292.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","article-title":"Consensus recommendations to establish reporting standards in fMRI of migraine: a Delphi study","volume":"104","author":"Schramm S","unstructured":"Schramm S, B\u00f6rner-Schr\u00f6der C, Reichert M, et al. Consensus recommendations to establish reporting standards in fMRI of migraine: a Delphi study. Neurology 2025 Mar 11; 104: e210235.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2005.00900.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01272-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01888-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(74)90033-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2010.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0436-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1347"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-14-76"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2154-15.2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-010-0262-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109385"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","first-page":"338","volume-title":"Migraine","author":"Sacks O","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sacks O. Migraine. University of California Press, 1992. p. 338."}],"container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03331024251365807","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03331024251365807","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03331024251365807","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:47:05Z","timestamp":1777387625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03331024251365807"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03331024251365807"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03331024251365807","relation":{},"ISSN":["0333-1024","1468-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0333-1024","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"article-number":"03331024251365807"}}