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The effect of CBD and CBD\/THC was also assessed on periorbital mechanical allodynia and photosensitivity in the chronic migraine model induced by repeated nitroglycerin (NTG) injections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periorbital mechanical allodynia induced by CGRP was significantly reduced by CBD alone and combined with THC or CBG. CBD\/THC was the most effective treatment in this condition since it presented the longer effect (up to three hours) and was the only treatment capable of reducing late photosensitivity associated with CGRP. All four compounds presented antinociceptive effect on acute migraine-like responses induced by PACAP, with CBD alone presenting the longer effect (from 30\u2005minutes up to two hours). Except for CBD\/CBG, all compounds also reduced (up to two hours) late photosensitivity associated with PACAP. In the chronic migraine model induced by NTG, CBD reduced periorbital mechanical allodynia on days 5, 7 and 11, while CBD\/THC suppressed the development of periorbital allodynia up to day 13 and significantly reduced photosensitivity up to three hours.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Altogether, these results suggest that cannabinoid compounds may represent effective alternatives for the treatment of episodic and chronic migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024251386794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T18:38:34Z","timestamp":1761244714000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy of different cannabinoid compounds on migraine-like responses in female rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8986-1980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Mariano Ribeiro","family":"da Luz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Parana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3914-0735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Ottoni","family":"Kaup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Einstein Hospital Israelita"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5915-4774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darciane Favero","family":"Baggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Parana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavio Henrique de Rezende","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rio de Janeiro"},{"name":"Isospec Laboratories, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5345-141X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Geremias","family":"Chichorro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Parana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00328-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-025-10197-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2013.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01569-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2200-20.2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105946"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-025-02022-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14916"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.059808"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01399-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14897"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01817-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01189-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01449-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"926","article-title":"Effect of cannabinoid receptor activation on spreading depression","volume":"15","author":"Kazemi H","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kazemi H, Rahgozar M, Speckmann EJ, et al. 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