{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T14:13:42Z","timestamp":1783692822727,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cephalalgia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence supporting calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody (CGRP mAb) use in adolescents with migraine is limited. Rapid recovery for daily school functioning is particularly important during this stage of life. We aimed to evaluate early functional outcomes in daily and school activities, as well as headache-related outcomes after initiating CGRP mAb therapy in Japanese adolescents with migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-center retrospective cohort study included patients aged 15\u201317\u2005years who received CGRP mAb therapy (galcanezumab, fremanezumab or erenumab) for migraine between May 2021 and July 2025. The primary outcome was time to clinically meaningful improvement on the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) scores, comprising a reduction of \u2265\u20096 points from baseline, and was analyzed using the Kaplan\u2013Meier method. Secondary outcomes included tracking longitudinal HIT-6 trajectories with mixed-effects models for repeated measures, exploratory univariable comparisons for early response (\u2265\u20096-point reduction within 10\u201314 weeks), questionnaire-based daily functioning assessments, and safety evaluations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 34 adolescents who initiated CGRP mAb therapy, 33 participated in HIT-6 analyses. The cumulative response rate began increasing immediately after treatment initiation, reaching 68.3% (95% confidence interval\u2009=\u200944.6\u201381.8%) within the 10\u201314-week period; approximately half of the responders achieved meaningful improvement by weeks 4\u20136. Mixed-effects models for repeated measures analyses adjusted for baseline HIT-6 scores showed a least-squares mean change of \u22129.4 points at 12 weeks (95% confidence interval\u2009=\u2009\u221214.2 to \u22124.6;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with benefits sustained over follow-up. Among questionnaire respondents (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200927), school attendance or concentration in the classroom was the most affected activity before treatment (70.4%) and 88.9% indicated that their primary treatment goals were mostly or partially achieved. Adverse events were reported by 40.7% of participants, primarily injection-site reactions (29.6%), none of which led to therapy discontinuations or modifications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this real-world adolescent cohort, CGRP mAb therapy was associated with early and clinically meaningful improvements in headache-related impact and self-reported functioning. Safety and tolerability findings are particularly notable given the limited evidence in this age group. Further prospective controlled studies are warranted to validate these findings and to identify predictors of early functional response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024261461634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T09:29:21Z","timestamp":1783502961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early and clinically meaningful functional improvement following CGRP monoclonal antibodies in adolescents with migraine: A real-world retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4447-7973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Misaki","family":"Kamogawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan"},{"name":"Hodogaya Neurosurgical Clinic, Yokohama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8557-2575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masakazu","family":"Higurashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hodogaya Neurosurgical Clinic, Yokohama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6703-1491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akito","family":"Oshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan"},{"name":"Hodogaya Neurosurgical Clinic, Yokohama, Japan"},{"name":"Kanagawa Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0056-8101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norimichi","family":"Higurashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musashi-Kosugi Pediatrics &amp; Epilepsy Clinic, Kawasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4439-3785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Ikegaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan"},{"name":"Hodogaya Neurosurgical Clinic, Yokohama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00402-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01208-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30478-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.5680"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324396"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-021-01119-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-327480"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2010105820935465"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies against the calcitonin gene-related peptide and its receptor in Japanese adolescents with migraines","volume":"15","author":"Katsuki M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Katsuki M, Kashiwagi K, Kawamura S, et al. Monoclonal antibodies against the calcitonin gene-related peptide and its receptor in Japanese adolescents with migraines. Cureus 2023; 15: e33689.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2020.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13456"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2003.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS)","volume":"38","author":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS)","year":"2018","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). Cephalalgia 2018; 38: 1\u2013211.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2005.01016.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01213-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13946"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-025-02197-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026119331193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"102903","article-title":"Evaluating the efficacy of CGRP mAbs and gepants for the preventive treatment of migraine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of phase 3 randomised controlled trials","volume":"77","author":"Haghdoost F","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haghdoost F, Puledda F, Garcia-Azorin D, et al. Evaluating the efficacy of CGRP mAbs and gepants for the preventive treatment of migraine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of phase 3 randomised controlled trials. 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