{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T14:42:36Z","timestamp":1764859356721,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001793","name":"Queensland University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The operation of a bus rapid transit (BRT) station platform is a key factor that affects BRT system performance. As waiting passengers occupy more platform space than circulating passengers, evaluation of their distribution across the platform is important. Public transport systems have been affected by the global pandemic Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This may have affected the waiting passenger distribution on BRT platform space. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the impact of COVID-19 on waiting passenger distribution on a platform during the peak period at an important station on the BRT system in Brisbane, Australia. Manual data collection was carried out before COVID-19 and during COVID-19. Waiting passenger counts in each case were evaluated separately to identify variation across the platform. The total waiting passenger count on the platform at a given time reduced significantly during COVID-19. To compare the two cases, data sets were normalized, and statistical analysis performed. The test results indicated that the distribution of waiting passengers during COVID-19 has significantly changed, bringing more waiting passengers into the platform center than the two ends, whereas before COVID-19, more waiting passengers were observed at the upstream half of the platform. There was also greater temporal variation across the whole platform during COVID-19. These findings were used to postulate the reasons behind the changes resulting from COVID-19, which affected platform operation. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03611981211030265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T08:54:45Z","timestamp":1628240085000},"page":"28-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of COVID-19 on Waiting Passenger Distribution on a Bus Rapid Transit Station Platform in Brisbane, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2677","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0097-8485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sewmini","family":"Jayatilake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4120-235X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Bunker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03611981211030265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/24766"},{"volume-title":"Modelling Train & Passenger Capacity","year":"2012","author":"Douglas Economics","key":"bibr2-03611981211030265"},{"key":"bibr3-03611981211030265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/i3csee-16.2016.7"},{"volume-title":"Alighting and Boarding Times of Passengers at Dutch Railway Stations - Analysis of Data Collected at 7 Railway Stations in October 2000","year":"2001","author":"Wiggenraad P. B.","key":"bibr4-03611981211030265"},{"volume-title":"Public Transport and COVID-19: How to Transition from Response to Recovery","year":"2020","author":"Short E.","key":"bibr5-03611981211030265"},{"volume-title":"Presented at 99th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board","year":"2020","author":"Jayatilake S.","key":"bibr6-03611981211030265"},{"key":"bibr7-03611981211030265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2002387"},{"key":"bibr8-03611981211030265","unstructured":"Worldometer. [Coronavirus] n.d. https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/. Accessed July 27, 2020."},{"key":"bibr9-03611981211030265","unstructured":"Rubiano L. C., Darido G. World Bank Blogs. 2020. https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/transport\/protecting-public-transport-coronavirus-and-financial-collapse. Accessed July 24, 2020."},{"key":"bibr10-03611981211030265","unstructured":"Dia H. Coronavirus Recovery: Public Transport is Key to Avoid Repeating Old and Unsustainable Mistakes. 2020. https:\/\/theconversation.com\/coronavirus-recovery-public-transport-is-key-to-avoid-repeating-old-and-unsustainable-mistakes-138415. Accessed July 24, 2020."},{"volume-title":"Proc., 15th Swiss Transport Research Conference (STRC)","year":"2015","author":"Bosina E.","key":"bibr11-03611981211030265"},{"volume-title":"Proc., 31st Australasian Transport Research Forum (ATRF)","year":"2008","author":"Jaiswal S.","key":"bibr12-03611981211030265"},{"key":"bibr13-03611981211030265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/atr.5670180102"},{"key":"bibr14-03611981211030265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2013.02.016"},{"key":"bibr15-03611981211030265","unstructured":"TransLink. COVID-Safe Travel Updates. https:\/\/translink.com.au\/service-updates\/274176. Accessed July 28, 2020."},{"key":"bibr16-03611981211030265","unstructured":"TransLink. COVID-Safe Public Transport Plan. https:\/\/translink.com.au\/sites\/default\/files\/assets\/resources\/travel-information\/covid-safe-transport-plan.pdf. Accessed July 28, 2020."},{"key":"bibr17-03611981211030265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12469-021-00267-z"},{"key":"bibr18-03611981211030265","unstructured":"Roy Morgan. Australia\u2019s 12 Million Public Transport Users Face a COVID19 Dilemma \u2013 Get Back on the Train or Drive to Work?2020. http:\/\/www.roymorgan.com\/findings\/8421-public-transport-patronage-in-the-time-of-a-pandemic-may-2020-202005272335. Accessed November 4, 2020."},{"key":"bibr19-03611981211030265","unstructured":"Stone L. How COVID Hit SEQ\u2019s Public Transport Usage - And How it Could Bounce Back. 2020. https:\/\/www.brisbanetimes.com.au\/national\/queensland\/how-covid-hit-seq-s-public-transport-usage-and-how-it-could-bounce-back-20201022-p567hv.html. Accessed November 5, 2020."},{"key":"bibr20-03611981211030265","unstructured":"Transurban. Urban Mobility Trends from COVID-19 - August 2020. https:\/\/www.transurban.com\/content\/dam\/transurban-pdfs\/03\/Urban-Mobility-Trends-from-COVID-19.pdf. Accessed November 4, 2020."},{"key":"bibr21-03611981211030265","unstructured":"Jaiswal S. Busway Platform Bus Capacity Analysis. PhD thesis. Queensland University of Technology, 2010."},{"key":"bibr22-03611981211030265","unstructured":"IBM. Two-Independent-Samples Test Types. https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/support\/knowledgecenter\/en\/SSLVMB_26.0.0\/statistics_mainhelp_ddita\/spss\/base\/two_independent_samples_test_types.html. 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