{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:25:50Z","timestamp":1773663950171,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,1]],"date-time":"1996-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":820454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Mobile source emission models currently used by state and federal agencies (e.g., Environmental Protection Agency's MOBILE and California Air Resources Board's EMFAC) are often inadequate for analyzing the emissions impact of various transportation control measures, intelligent transportation systems, alternative fuel vehicles, and more sophisticated inspection\/maintenance programs contained in most state air quality management plans. These emission models are based on the assumption that vehicle running exhaust emissions can be represented as integrated values for a specific driving cycle, and then later adjusted by speed correction factors. What is needed in addition to these \u201cregional-type\u201d mobile source models is an emissions model that considers at a more fundamental level the modal operation of a vehicle (i.e., emissions that directly relate to vehicle operating modes such as idle, steady-state cruise, various levels of acceleration\/deceleration, and so forth). A new modal-emissions modeling approach that is deterministic and based on analytical functions that describe the physical phenomena associated with vehicle operation and emissions productions is presented. This model relies on highly time-resolved emissions and vehicle operation data that must be collected from a wide range of vehicles of varying emission control technologies. Current emission modeling techniques are discussed and the modeling approach and implementation plan for a new, three-year NCHRP Project entitled \u201cDevelopment of a Modal Emissions Model\u201d are described. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198196152000110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T10:17:11Z","timestamp":1548065831000},"page":"81-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":201,"title":["Modal Emissions Modeling: A Physical Approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"1520","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Barth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside, Calif. 92521."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside, Calif. 92521."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Norbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside, Calif. 92521."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48109."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0361198196152000110","unstructured":"Proceedings of the CRC-APRAC On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop. Report CRC-APRAC-91. Los Angeles, Calif, 1991."},{"key":"bibr2-0361198196152000110","unstructured":"Proceedings of the CRC-APRAC On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop. Report CRC-APRAC-92. San Diego, Calif. 1992."},{"key":"bibr3-0361198196152000110","unstructured":"Proceedings of the Fourth CRC-APRAC On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop. Report CRC-APRAC-94. San Diego, Calif. 1994."},{"key":"bibr4-0361198196152000110","unstructured":"Proceedings of the Fifth CRC-APRAC On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop. Report CRC-APRAC-95. San Diego, Calif. 1995."},{"key":"bibr5-0361198196152000110","volume-title":"International Specialty Conference on Emission Inventory Issues in the 1990s","author":"Fujita E.","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr6-0361198196152000110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Federal Test Procedure. 40 C.F.R., Parts 86\u201399, 1989.","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-3227(89)90022-4"},{"key":"bibr7-0361198196152000110","volume-title":"Methodology to Calculate Emission Factors for On-Road Motor Vehicles.","author":"Maldonado H.","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr8-0361198196152000110","volume-title":"Supplement to Methodology to Calculate Emission Factors for On-Road Motor Vehicles July 1991.","author":"Maldonado H.","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr9-0361198196152000110","author":"Eisinger D.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proceedings of Transportation Modeling: Tips and Trip-Ups."},{"key":"bibr10-0361198196152000110","volume-title":"Federal Test Procedure Review Project: Technical Report.","author":"Markey 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