{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T23:11:03Z","timestamp":1793661063681,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01MH095767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01MH095767"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIDA","award":["T32 DA019426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 DA019426"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychology of Women Quarterly"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The current study is a randomized controlled trial comparing HOPE ( Helping to Overcome PTSD through Empowerment) to an adapted version of present-centered therapy (PCT+) in residents of domestic violence shelters with posttraumatic stress disorder from intimate partner violence. HOPE is a cognitive-behavioral treatment that adopts an empowerment approach. PCT is an attention-matched control condition frequently used in posttraumatic stress disorder treatment research. PCT+ was adapted to include safety planning. We collected data from 172 women from one of six shelters, randomizing participants to receive either HOPE or PCT+. Participants in both treatments received up to 16 sessions during shelter and the first 3 months post-shelter. Follow-up assessments occurred at post-shelter, post-treatment, and 6- and 12-months post-treatment. Results of multivariate models found that both HOPE and PCT+ were associated with significant and large reductions in intimate partner violence\u2013related posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Further, both treatments resulted in significant small to medium effects on intimate partner violence, depression, empowerment, posttraumatic cognitions, and health-related quality of life. Results suggest that both HOPE and PCT+ are viable and efficacious treatments of intimate partner violence\u2013related posttraumatic stress disorder in women residing in shelters. As PCT+ has the potential to be delivered by paraprofessionals and individuals without mental health expertise, PCT+ may be the preferred treatment model for shelters. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ\u2019s website at http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/suppl\/10.1177\/0361684320953120<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0361684320953120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T03:57:06Z","timestamp":1600315026000},"page":"539-553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing HOPE Treatment and Present-Centered Therapy in Women Residing in Shelter With PTSD From Intimate Partner Violence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5970-895X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawn M.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caron","family":"Zlotnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesa","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick A.","family":"Palmieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Summa Health System, Akron, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole L.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha C.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Staten Island, City University of New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor L.","family":"Ceroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0361684320953120","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, text revision\n                      (DSM-IV-TR)\n                      . http:\/\/dx.doi.org.ezproxy.uakron.edu:2048\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr2-0361684320953120","volume-title":"The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcome assessment","author":"Attkisson C. C.","year":"2004","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr3-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blake D. D., Weathers F. W., Nagy L. M., Kaloupek D. G., Gusman F. D., Charney D. S., Keane T. M. (1995). The development of a clinician-administered PTSD scale. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 8, 75\u201390. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.2490080106","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490080106"},{"key":"bibr4-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonomi A. E., Anderson M. L., Reid R. J., Rivara F. P., Carrell D., Thompson R. S. (2009). Medical and psychosocial diagnoses in women with a history of intimate partner violence. Archives of Internal Medicine, 169(18), 1692\u20131697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001archinternmed.2009.292","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.292"},{"key":"bibr5-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Downey R. G., King C. V. (1998). Missing data in Likert ratings: A comparison of replacement methods. Journal of General Psychology, 125(2), 175\u2013191. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/00221309809595542","DOI":"10.1080\/00221309809595542"},{"key":"bibr6-0361684320953120","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II)","author":"First M. B.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr7-0361684320953120","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research version, patient edition (SCID-I\/P)","author":"First M. B.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr8-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foa E. B., Ehlers A., Clark D. M., Tolin D. F., Orsillo S. M. (1999). The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI): Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 11(3), 303\u2013314. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.11.3.303","DOI":"10.1037\/\/1040-3590.11.3.303"},{"key":"bibr9-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foa E. B., McLean C. P., Zang Y., Rosenfield D., Yadin E., Yarvis J. S., Mintz J., Young-McCaughan S., Borah E. V., Dondanville K. A., Fina B. A., Hall-Clark B. N., Lichner T., Litz B. T., Roache J., Wright E. C., Peterson A. (2018). Effect of prolonged exposure therapy delivered over 2 weeks vs 8 weeks vs present-centered therapy on PTSD symptom severity in military personnel: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 319(4), 354\u2013364. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2017.21242","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21242"},{"key":"bibr10-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forbes D., Lloyd D., Nixon R. D. V., Elliott P., Varker T., Perry D., Bryant R. A., Creamer M. (2012). A multisite randomized controlled effectiveness trial of cognitive processing therapy for military-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(3), 442\u2013452. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.01.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.01.006"},{"key":"bibr11-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedman H. (1982). Simplified determinations of statistical power, magnitude of effect and research sample sizes. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 42(2), 521\u2013526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/001316448204200214","DOI":"10.1177\/001316448204200214"},{"key":"bibr12-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galano M. M., Hunter E. C., Howell K. H., Miller L. E., Graham-Bermann S. A. (2013). Predicting shelter residence in women experiencing recent intimate partner violence. Violence Against Women, 19(4), 518\u2013535. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/1077801213487056","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801213487056"},{"key":"bibr13-0361684320953120","volume-title":"Trauma and recovery","author":"Herman J. L.","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr14-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hien D. A., Jiang H., Campbell A. N. C., Hu M., Miele G. M., Cohen L. R., Brigham G. S., Capstick C., Kulaga A., Robinson J., Suarexz-Morales L., Nunes E. V. (2010). Do treatment improvements in PTSD severity affect substance use outcomes? A secondary analysis from a randomized clinical trial in NIDA\u2019s Clinical Trials Network. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(1), 95\u2013101. https:\/\/ajp.psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/full\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09091261","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09091261"},{"key":"bibr15-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hien D. A., Ruglass L. (2009). Interpersonal partner violence and women in the United States: An overview of prevalence rates, psychiatric correlates and consequences and barriers to help seeking. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 32(1), 48. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijlp.2008.11.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2008.11.003"},{"key":"bibr16-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315744094"},{"key":"bibr17-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imel Z. E., Laska K., Jakcupcak M., Simpson T. L. (2013). Meta-analysis of dropout in treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 31(3), 394\u2013404. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/a0031474","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031474"},{"key":"bibr18-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobson N. S., Truax P. (1991). Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59(1), 12\u201319. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/10109-042","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006X.59.1.12"},{"key":"bibr19-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson D. M., Ceroni T. (2020). Cognitive behavior therapy for PTSD. In Bufka L. F., Wright C.V., Halfond R. (Eds.), PTSD casebook (pp. 47\u201367). American Psychological Association.","DOI":"10.1037\/0000196-003"},{"key":"bibr66-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson D. M., Worell J., Chandler R. K. (2005). Assessing psychological health and empowerment in women: The Personal Progress Scale Revised. Women & Health, 41(1), 109\u2013129. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1300\/J013v41n01_07","DOI":"10.1300\/J013v41n01_07"},{"key":"bibr20-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson D. M., Zlotnick C. (2006). A cognitive-behavioral treatment for battered women with PTSD in shelters: Findings from a pilot study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19(4), 559\u2013564. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.20148","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20148"},{"key":"bibr21-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson D. M., Zlotnick C. (2007). Utilization of mental health treatment and other services by battered women in shelters. Psychiatric Services, 58(12), 1595\u20131597. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ps.58.12.1595","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2007.58.12.1595"},{"key":"bibr23-0361684320953120","volume-title":"Handbook of interpersonal violence across the lifespan","author":"Johnson D. M."},{"key":"bibr24-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson D. M., Zlotnick C., Perez S. (2008). The relative contribution of abuse severity and PTSD severity on the psychiatric and social morbidity of battered women in shelters. Behavior Therapy, 39(3), 232\u2013241. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2007.08.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2007.08.003"},{"key":"bibr25-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson D. M., Zlotnick C., Perez S. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women\u2019s shelters: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(4), 542\u2013551. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/a0023822","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023822"},{"key":"bibr26-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson D. M., Zlotnick C., Perez S, Johnson N. L, Palmieri P. (2016). Comparison of adding treatment of PTSD during and after shelter stay to standard care in residents of battered women\u2019s shelters: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 29(4), 365\u2013373. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.22117","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22117"},{"key":"bibr27-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones L., Hughes M., Unterstaller U. (2001). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in victims of domestic violence: A review of the research. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 2(2), 99\u2013119. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/1524838001002002001","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838001002002001"},{"key":"bibr28-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jonker I. E., Sijbrandij M., Van Luijtelaar M. J., Cuijpers P., Wolf J. R. (2014). The effectiveness of interventions during and after residence in women\u2019s shelters: A meta-analysis. The European Journal of Public Health, 25(1), 15\u201319. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/cku092","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cku092"},{"key":"bibr29-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazis L. E., Miller D. R., Skinner K. M., Lee A., Ren X. S., Clark J. A., Rogers W. H., Spiro A., Selim A., Linzer M., Payne S. M., Mansell D., Fincke R. G. (2004). Patient-reported measures of health: The Veterans Health Study. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, 27(1), 70\u201383. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-017-1638-x","DOI":"10.1097\/00004479-200401000-00012"},{"key":"bibr30-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keller M. B., Lavori P. W., Friedman B., Nielsen E., Endicott J., McDonald-Scott P., Andreasen N. C. (1987). The longitudinal interval follow-up evaluation: A comprehensive method for assessing outcome in prospective longitudinal studies. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44(6), 540\u2013548. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800180050009","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800180050009"},{"key":"bibr31-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelly U. A., Pich K. (2014). Community-based PTSD treatment for ethnically diverse women who experienced intimate partner violence: A feasibility study. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 35(12), 906\u2013913. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3109\/01612840.2014.931496","DOI":"10.3109\/01612840.2014.931496"},{"key":"bibr32-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubany E. S., Hill E. E., Owens J. A., Iannce-Spencer C., McCaig M. A., Tremayne K. J., Williams P. L. (2004). Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(1), 3\u201318. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.72.1.3","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.1.3"},{"key":"bibr33-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lang A. J., Schnurr P. P., Jain S., He F., Walser R. D., Bolton E., Benedek D. M., Norman S. B., Sylvers P., Flashman L., Strauss J., Raman R., Chard K. M. (2017). Randomized controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for distress and impairment in OEF\/OIF\/OND veterans. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 9(S1), 74\u201384. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/tra0000127","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000127"},{"key":"bibr34-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewinsohn P. M., Seely J. R., Roberts R E., Allen N. B. (1997). Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D) as a screening instrument for depression among community-residing older adults. Psychology and Aging, 12(2), 277\u2013287. https:\/\/dx.doi.org.ezproxy.uakron.edu:2048\/10.1037\/0882-7974.12.2.277","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0882-7974.12.2.277"},{"key":"bibr35-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marshall L. L. (1992). Development of the severity of violence against women scales. Journal of Family Violence, 7(2), 103\u2013121. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00978700","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00978700"},{"key":"bibr36-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCann I. L., Sakheim D. K., Abrahamson D. J. (1988). Trauma and victimization: A model of psychological adaptation. The Counseling Psychologist, 16(4), 531\u2013594. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/0011000088164002","DOI":"10.1177\/0011000088164002"},{"key":"bibr37-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller I. W., Norman W. H., Bishop S. B., Dow M. G. (1986). The modified scale for suicidal ideation: Reliability and validity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54(5), 724. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.54.5.724","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006X.54.5.724"},{"key":"bibr38-0361684320953120","unstructured":"National Network to End Domestic Violence. (2018). 13th Annual domestic violence counts report. https:\/\/nnedv.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Census_2018_handout_report.pdf"},{"key":"bibr39-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norcross J. C., Wampold B. E. (2019). Relationships and responsiveness in the psychological treatment of trauma: The tragedy of the APA Clinical Practice Guideline. Psychotherapy, 56(3), 391\u2013399. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/pst0000228","DOI":"10.1037\/pst0000228"},{"key":"bibr40-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norris F. H. (1990). Screening for traumatic stress: A scale for use in the general population. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20(20), 1704\u20131715. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1990.tb01505.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1990.tb01505.x"},{"key":"bibr41-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parent M. C. (2013). Handling item-level missing data: Simpler is just as good. The Counseling Psychologist, 41(4), 568\u2013600. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/0011000012445176","DOI":"10.1177\/0011000012445176"},{"key":"bibr42-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perez S., Johnson D. M., Walter K. H., Johnson N. (2012). The role of PTSD and length of shelter stay in battered women\u2019s severity of reabuse after leaving shelter. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, & Trauma, 21(7), 776\u2013792. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/10926771.2012.702712","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2012.702712"},{"key":"bibr43-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peterson C., Kearns M. C., McIntosh W. L., Estefan L. F., Nicolaiidis C., McCollister K. E., Gordon A., Florence C. (2018). Lifetime economic burden of intimate partner violence among U.S. Adults. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 55(4), 433\u2013444. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.04.049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.04.049"},{"key":"bibr44-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prins A., Ouimette P., Kimerling R., Cameron R. P., Hugelshofer D. S., Shaw-Hegwer J., Thrailkill A., Gusman F. D., Sheikh J. I. (2003). The primary care PTSD screen (PC-PTSD): Development and operating characteristics. Primary Care Psychiatry, 9(1), 9\u201314. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1185\/135525703125002360","DOI":"10.1185\/135525703125002360"},{"key":"bibr45-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Radloff L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385\u2013401. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/014662167700100306","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"bibr46-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raudenbush S. W., Liu X. (2000). Statistical power and optimal design for multisite randomized trials. Psychological Methods, 5(2), 199\u2013213. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/1082-989X.5.2.199","DOI":"10.1037\/\/1082-989X.5.2.199"},{"key":"bibr47-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rhodes K. V., Rodgers M., Sommers M., Hanlon A., Chittams J., Doyle A., Datner E., Crits- Christoph P. (2015). Brief motivational intervention for intimate partner violence and heavy drinking in the emergency department: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 314(5), 466\u2013477. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2015.8369","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.8369"},{"key":"bibr48-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rizo C. F., Wretman C. J., Macy R. J., Guo S., Ermentrout D. M. (2018). A novel intervention for system-involved female intimate partner violence survivors: Changes in mental health. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 88(6), 681\u2013690. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/ort0000332","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000332"},{"key":"bibr49-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos A., Matos M., Machado A. (2017). Effectiveness of a group intervention program for female victims of intimate partner violence. Small Group Research, 48(1), 34\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1046496416675226","DOI":"10.1177\/1046496416675226"},{"key":"bibr50-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schnurr P. P., Friedman M. J., Engel C. C., Foa E. B., Shea M. T., Chow B. K., Resick P. A., Thurston V., Orsillo S. M., Haug R., Turner C., Bernardy N. (2007). Cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in women: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 297(8), 820\u2013830. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/1046496416675226","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.8.820"},{"key":"bibr51-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheehan D. V., Lecrubier Y., Sheehan K. H., Amorim P., Janavs J., Weiller E., Hergueta T., Baker R., Dunbar G. C. (1998). The mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(s20), 22\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83296-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83296-8"},{"key":"bibr52-0361684320953120","unstructured":"Smith S. G., Zhang X., Basile K. C., Merrick M. T., Wang J., Kresnow M. J., Chen J. (2018). The national intimate partner and sexual violence survey: 2015 data brief\u2013updated release. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pdf\/2015data-brief508.pdf"},{"key":"bibr53-0361684320953120","unstructured":"Society for Clinical Psychology. (2020). Present-centered therapy for post-traumatic stress\n                      disorder\n                      . https:\/\/www.div12.org\/treatment\/present-centered-therapy-for-post-traumatic-stress-disorder\/"},{"key":"bibr54-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spencer C., Mallory A. B., Cafferky B. M., Kimmes G. G., Beck A. R., Stith S. M. (2019). Mental health factors and intimate partner violence perpetration and victimization: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Violence, 9(1), 1\u201317. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/vio0000156","DOI":"10.1037\/vio0000156"},{"key":"bibr55-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stout R. L., Wirtz P. W., Carbonari J. P., Del Boca F. K. (1994). Ensuring balanced distribution of prognostic factors in treatment outcome research. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement, (s12), 70\u201375. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.15288\/jsas.1994.s12.70","DOI":"10.15288\/jsas.1994.s12.70"},{"key":"bibr56-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sullivan C. M., Bybee D. I. (1999). Reducing violence using community-based advocacy for women with abusive partners. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(1), 43\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.67.1.43","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006X.67.1.43"},{"key":"bibr57-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sullivan C. M., Cain D. (2004). Ethical and safety considerations when obtaining information from or about battered women for research purposes. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19(5), 603\u2013618. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260504263249","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260504263249"},{"key":"bibr58-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sullivan C. M., Goodman L. A. (2019). Advocacy with survivors of intimate partner violence: What it is, what it isn\u2019t, and why it\u2019s critically important. Violence Against Women, 25(16), 2007\u20132023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077801219875826","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801219875826"},{"key":"bibr59-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.14.1.25"},{"key":"bibr60-0361684320953120","volume-title":"The battered woman syndrome (3rd ed.)","author":"Walker L. E. A.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr62-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ware J. E., Kosinski M., Keller S. D. (1996). A 12-item Short Form Health Survey: Construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Medical Care, 34(3), 220\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003"},{"key":"bibr63-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weathers F. W., Keane T. M., Davidson J. R. (2001). Clinician administered PTSD scale: A review of the first ten years of research. Depression and Anxiety, 13(3), 132\u2013156. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/da.1029","DOI":"10.1002\/da.1029"},{"key":"bibr64-0361684320953120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weathers F. W., Ruscio A. M., Keane T. M. (1999). Psychometric properties of nine scoring rules for the Clinician Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale. Psychological Assessment, 11(2), 123\u2013133. https:\/\/dx.doi.org.ezproxy.uakron.edu:2048\/10.1037\/1040-3590.11.2.124","DOI":"10.1037\/\/1040-3590.11.2.124"},{"key":"bibr65-0361684320953120","volume-title":"Feminist perspectives in therapy: Empowering diverse women","author":"Worell J.","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Psychology of Women Quarterly"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0361684320953120","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0361684320953120","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0361684320953120","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T14:23:06Z","timestamp":1740838986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0361684320953120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0361684320953120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0361684320953120","relation":{},"ISSN":["0361-6843","1471-6402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0361-6843","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-6402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]}}}