{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:57:37Z","timestamp":1777388257472,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]],"date-time":"2000-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":951868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine whether the burner phenomenon is associated with cervical canal and foraminal stenosis in a scholastic population. Lateral cervical radiographs were reviewed for 64 athletes, 15 to 18 years of age, who had sustained at least one burner. Controls consisted of age-matched athletes who had sustained head or neck trauma without evidence of the burner phenomenon (N 32). Pavlov ratios were calculated for levels C-3 through C-6; both mean minimum and mean average ratios were determined. Available oblique radiographs from both the study (N 31) and control (N 15) groups were then used to calculate the foramen\/vertebral body ratio\u2014a measure of relative foraminal height. Significant differences were found between the burner and control groups for the mean minimum and mean average Pavlov ratios and foramen\/vertebral body ratios. Scholastic athletes sustaining the burner phenomenon have an increased risk of cervical canal and foraminal stenosis as measured by the Pavlov and foramen\/vertebral body ratios, respectively. The foramen\/vertebral body ratio is an easily reproducible and reliable means of assessing foraminal dimensions from oblique radiographs and controls for x-ray magnification and rotation. Foraminal stenosis assessment may prove useful in predicting burner risk, especially in athletes with extension-compression injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280021201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]],"date-time":"2017-07-18T11:29:38Z","timestamp":1500377378000},"page":"214-217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Association of Burners with Cervical Canal and Foraminal Stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"John D.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Aliquo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Sitler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Odgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ray A.","family":"Moyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03635465000280021201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657700500508"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr2-03635465000280021201","first-page":"55","volume":"11","author":"Garth WP","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Musculoskeletal Med"},{"key":"bibr3-03635465000280021201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199501000-00005"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr4-03635465000280021201","first-page":"s178","volume":"16","author":"Hertzog RJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"Plain film radiography, multiplanar computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. 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