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The use of arthroscopic techniques has led to a significant decrease in morbidity for the patient with intraarticular abnormalities, in terms of both diagnosis and surgical correction. Even though knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure with relatively low morbidity, it is not without risk of complications, of which neurovascular complications are among the most serious and devastating. The reported incidence of neurovascular complication is low, but it may be underestimated. Many neurovascular complications that occur are preventable with a thorough understanding of neurovascular anatomy, good preoperative and intraoperative planning, and attention to the details of basic techniques and the equipment used for the procedure. It is imperative that the surgeon who is performing arthroscopy be aware of these neurovascular complications, recognize them as early as possible, and initiate further evaluation and treatment as expeditiously as possible. 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