{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T21:59:24Z","timestamp":1779141564104,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]],"date-time":"2003-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1062374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Injuries to the upper extremity are common in ice hockey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the mechanisms, types, and severity of upper extremity ice hockey injuries in patients in different age categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 760 consecutive upper extremity injuries in Finnish ice hockey players reported to an insurance company during 1996.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall injury rate of upper extremity injuries was 14.8 per 1000 player-years; 70% occurred during games. Of the 861 injury types, 32% were contusions, 28% sprains or strains, and 27% fractures. Checking or other collisions with players caused 76% of the injuries to the shoulder (170 of 223), 55% of the injuries to the elbow (35 of 64), and 45% of the injuries to the distal extremity (213 of 473). Of the 561 injuries with known severity, 38% were major. The injury risk increased significantly with age, from players younger than 12 years to players 25 to 29 years of age. The injury profile among 15- to 19-year-old players was similar to that of adult players.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Injuries to the upper extremity are relatively serious because of the high number of shoulder injuries and fractures. The frequency of injuries increased with age. A considerable proportion of upper extremity injuries was caused by body checking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310051901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]],"date-time":"2017-07-18T10:31:28Z","timestamp":1500373888000},"page":"751-757","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Injuries to the Upper Extremity in Ice Hockey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jouko","family":"M\u00f6ls\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urho","family":"Kujala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pertti","family":"Myllynen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki"},{"name":"Pohjola Insurance Company, Ltd, Helsinki"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilkka","family":"Torstila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pohjola Insurance Company, Ltd, Helsinki"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olavi","family":"Airaksinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03635465030310051901","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(05)70048-X"},{"key":"bibr2-03635465030310051901","first-page":"283","volume":"98","author":"Biasca N.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"bibr3-03635465030310051901","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679308993667"},{"key":"bibr4-03635465030310051901","first-page":"741","volume":"146","author":"Brust JD","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"bibr5-03635465030310051901","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1984.11698736"},{"key":"bibr6-03635465030310051901","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199901000-00006"},{"key":"bibr7-03635465030310051901","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1988.10.2.54"},{"key":"bibr8-03635465030310051901","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657800600611"},{"key":"bibr9-03635465030310051901","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.20.1.7"},{"key":"bibr10-03635465030310051901","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"Kriegler P.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sideline Views"},{"key":"bibr11-03635465030310051901","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7018.1465"},{"key":"bibr12-03635465030310051901","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658801600415"},{"key":"bibr13-03635465030310051901","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659702500412"},{"key":"bibr14-03635465030310051901","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280030701"},{"key":"bibr15-03635465030310051901","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659302100114"},{"key":"bibr16-03635465030310051901","unstructured":"RettigAC, RyanRO, StoneJA: Epidemiology of hand injuries in sports, in StricklandJW, RettigAC (eds): Hand Injuries in Athletes. 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