{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:55:56Z","timestamp":1777388156912,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]],"date-time":"2004-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1078099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cryotherapy is commonly applied without research documenting the intra-articular (IA) temperature changes or subject discomfort between ice and a cryotherapy device.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The null hypothesis is that no difference would be observed in IA temperature decline or subject tolerance between ice and the cryotherapy device in normal knees.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective, within-subject controlled clinical trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve subjects had IA temperature in suprapatellar pouch and skin recorded bilaterally after application of cryotherapy versus ice. Subject tolerance was recorded by 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS). Statistical evaluation was by Spearman's correlation analysis and paired, nonparametric Wilcoxon's signed rank test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both significantly lowered (P &lt; 0.001) skin and IA temperature with median decreases (ice\/cryotherapy) at 30 (3.3 \u00b0C\/2.2 \u00b0C), 60 (12.8 \u00b0C\/7.1 \u00b0C), and 90 (15.2 \u00b0C\/9.7 \u00b0C) minutes. However, ice lowered the IA temperature significantly more than the cryotherapy device (P &lt; 0.001) and was more painful by VAS at 30 and 60 minutes (P &lt; 0.01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both methods produced large declines in skin and IA temperatures. However, ice was more effective yet resulted in higher pain scores. The authors hypothesize that IA temperatures below a threshold are associated with increased perceived pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503258864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,20]],"date-time":"2004-02-20T21:07:57Z","timestamp":1077311277000},"page":"441-445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Intra-Articular Knee Temperature Changes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Todd A.","family":"Warren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Mccarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Airron L.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Michener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kurt P.","family":"Spindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 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