{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T12:06:33Z","timestamp":1791029193142,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]],"date-time":"2004-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1101859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are frequently used to treat muscle\n injuries in athletes. It is not known whether the anti-inflammatory effects\n of these drugs are important or whether their effectiveness is a result of\n their central anal-gesic effect.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n The effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are no different than the\n effects of an analgesic (acetaminophen) without anti-inflammatory action in\n an experimental, acute muscle contusion model.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design<\/jats:title>\n Controlled animal study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A standardized, unilateral, nonpenetrating injury was created to the tibialis\n anterior muscle of 96 adult male mice. Four treatment groups were used:\n group 1, placebo treatment; group 2, treatment with rofecoxib, a\n nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase-2 selectivity, and\n treatment after the injury; group 3, rofecoxib treatment starting 24 hours\n before the injury; and group 4, acetaminophen treatment after the injury.\n The muscle and the contralateral normal muscle were evaluated at 2, 5, and 7\n days after injury by grading of gait, wet weight as a measure of edema, and\n histologic evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Group 1 had significantly more gait disturbances at day 2 than all other\n groups (P < .05). No differences were found at days 5 and 7. Wet\n weights showed an increase at day 2 in group 1 (P < .01). Again, no\n differences were found at days 5 and 7. Histology revealed similar\n inflammatory changes at day 2 in all groups, with regeneration of muscle\n fibers at days 5 and 7.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The results indicate that rofecoxib as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug\n and acetaminophen as a non-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug analgesic\n have similar effects. The lack of differences in wet weights and histology\n suggests that the anti-inflammatory effects of rofecoxib are not an\n important feature of its action.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n The routine use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in muscle injuries\n may need to be critically evaluated because low-cost and low-risk analgesics\n may be just as effective.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504266069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,3]],"date-time":"2004-12-03T16:13:01Z","timestamp":1102090381000},"page":"1856-1859","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Acetaminophen in the Treatment of an Acute Muscle Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Frank T. G.","family":"Rahusen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, the\r Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Weinhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic\r Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis C.","family":"Almekinders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina Orthopaedic\r Clinic, Dauke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199928060-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199315030-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658601400411"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","first-page":"527","article-title":"Injuries of the leg in football and ballet","volume":"60","author":"Bass Al","year":"1967","unstructured":"4. BassAl, RobertsonI. Injuries of the leg in football and ballet. Proc R Soc Med. 1967;60:527-532.","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465990270011101"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658100900608"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200521"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0403152"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1358\/mf.2001.23.8.662131"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Healing of crush injury in rat striated muscle, part 4: effect of\n early mobilization and immobilization of the tensile properties of\n gastrocnemius muscle","volume":"142","author":"Jarvinen M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"10. JarvinenM. Healing of crush injury in rat striated muscle, part 4: effect of early mobilization and immobilization of the tensile properties of gastrocnemius muscle. Acta Chir Scand. 1976;142:47-56.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Effect of some anti-inflammatory agents on the healing of\n ruptured muscle","volume":"14","author":"Jarvinen M","year":"1992","unstructured":"11. JarvinenM, LehtoM, SorvariT. Effect of some anti-inflammatory agents on the healing of ruptured muscle. J Sports Traumatol Rel Res. 1992;14:19-28.","journal-title":"J Sports Traumatol Rel Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198610000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199141040-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_1","first-page":"1221","article-title":"Postoperative analgesic\n effects of celecoxib or rofecoxib after spinal fusion\n surgery","volume":"91","author":"Reuben SS","year":"2000","unstructured":"14. ReubenSS, ConnellyNR. Postoperative analgesic effects of celecoxib or rofecoxib after spinal fusion surgery. Anesth Analg. 2000;91:1221-1225.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260020401"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.0488"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0363546504266069","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0363546504266069","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0363546504266069","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:41:33Z","timestamp":1777369293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0363546504266069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0363546504266069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546504266069","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5465","1552-3365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5465","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}}}