{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:54:05Z","timestamp":1790898845206,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,1]],"date-time":"2006-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inappropriately sized tennis racket grip is often cited in the popular media as a risk factor for overuse injuries about the forearm and elbow. Currently, a hand measurement technique developed by Nirschl is commonly used by tennis racket manufacturing companies as the method for determining a player's \u201crecommended\u201d grip size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quarter-inch changes from that recommended by Nirschl in tennis racket grip size will have no significant effect on forearm muscle firing patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlled laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen asymptomatic Division I and II collegiate tennis players performed single-handed backhand ground strokes with rackets of 3 different grip sizes (recommended measurement, undersized 1\/4 in, and oversized 1\/4 in). Fine-wire electromyography was used to measure muscle activity in extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor digitorum communis, flexor carpi radialis, and pronator teres. Repeated-measure analysis of variance was used for within-group comparisons, comparing different grips in specified phases for backhand ground strokes (P [.lessequal]. 05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were no significant differences in muscle activity between small, recommended, or big grips in any muscle tested.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on these findings, tennis racket grip size 1\/4 in above or below Nirschl's recommended measurement does not significantly affect forearm muscle firing patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alterations in tennis racket grip size within 1\/4 in of Nirschl's recommended sizing do not have a significant effect on forearm muscle activity and therefore may not represent a significant risk factor for upper extremity cumulative trauma, such as lateral epicondylitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506290185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,21]],"date-time":"2006-07-21T20:53:49Z","timestamp":1153515229000},"page":"1977-1983","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["The Effect of Tennis Racket Grip Size on Forearm Muscle Firing Patterns"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"George F.","family":"Hatch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn M.","family":"Pink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Centinela 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