{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:11:07Z","timestamp":1792739467970,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]],"date-time":"2008-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1224806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In osteochondral defects, subchondral bone, as a load-bearing structure, is believed to be important for bone and cartilage regeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A stiff scaffold creates better conditions for bone formation and cartilage regeneration than does a softer one.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlled laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Critical osteochondral defects were created in the femoral condyles of 24 sheep. Subchondral bone was reconstructed with a stiff scaffold or a modified softer one, with untreated defects serving as controls. The repair response was evaluated with mechanical, histological, and histomorphometrical techniques at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The elastic modulus of regenerated fibrocartilage over the stiff scaffold tended to be higher than in the soft scaffold group (61 % vs 46% of healthy cartilage) at 3 months. No difference was determined at 6 months; all were well below healthy cartilage. Treated defects showed substantial degradation of the soft scaffold with surrounding sclerotic bone at 3 and 6 months. In contrast, degradation of the stiff scaffold was slower and occurred together with continuous osseous replacement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stiff scaffolds were found to improve bone regeneration. In contrast, soft scaffolds provided less support, and consequently subchondral bone became sclerotic. Although regenerated cartilage formed over the stiff scaffolds at 3 months, and these exhibited better mechanical properties than did the soft scaffold group, the mechanical properties in both treated groups were the same at 6 months, not dissimilar to that of tissue formed in the untreated specimens and inferior to native articular cartilage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results imply that subchondral defect filling in clinical settings advances bone regeneration and should have a comparable stiffness to that of healthy subchondral bone rather than being too flexible. Degradation of resorbable materials and consequently the loss of stiffness may compromise the healing of critical defects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508322899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]],"date-time":"2008-10-24T21:37:31Z","timestamp":1224884251000},"page":"2379-2391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Influence of Scaffold Stiffness on Subchondral Bone and Subsequent Cartilage Regeneration in an Ovine Model of Osteochondral Defect Healing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Karin","family":"Schlichting","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Schell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf U.","family":"Kleemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Schill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Weiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Special Joint Surgery, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg N.","family":"Duda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devakara R.","family":"Epari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0363546508322899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.1998.0160"},{"key":"bibr2-0363546508322899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(98)70099-4"},{"key":"bibr3-0363546508322899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100090304"},{"key":"bibr4-0363546508322899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(95)91092-D"},{"key":"bibr5-0363546508322899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.73B4.1649195"},{"key":"bibr6-0363546508322899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274070-00008"},{"key":"bibr7-0363546508322899","first-page":"52","volume":"28","author":"Bruns J","year":"1999","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"key":"bibr8-0363546508322899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1998.28.4.192"},{"key":"bibr9-0363546508322899","first-page":"405","volume-title":"Injury and Repair of the Musculoskeletal Soft Tissues. 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