{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:03:51Z","timestamp":1791425031805,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,21]],"date-time":"2009-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was designed to investigate differences in recovery in male and female soccer athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypotheses<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Soccer players with a history of concussion will perform worse on neurocognitive testing than players without a history of concussion. Furthermore, female athletes will demonstrate poorer performance on neurocognitive testing than male athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study (prognosis): Level of evidence, 2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Computer-based neuropsychological testing using reaction time, memory, and visual motor-speed composite scores of the ImPACT test battery was performed postconcussion in soccer players ranging in age from 8 to 24 years (N = 234; 141 females, 93 males). A multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to examine group differences in neurocognitive performance between male and female athletes with and without a history of concussion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Soccer players with a history of at least 1 previous concussion performed significantly worse on ImPACT than those who had not sustained a prior concussion (F = 2.92, P = .03). In addition, female soccer players performed worse on neurocognitive testing (F = 2.72, P = .05) and also reported more symptoms (F = 20.1, P = .00001) than male soccer players. There was no significant difference in body mass index between male and female players (F = .04, P = .85).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A history of concussion and gender may account for significant differences in postconcussive neurocognitive test scores in soccer players and may play a role in determining recovery. These differences do not appear to reflect differences in mass between genders and may be related to other gender-specific factors that deserve further study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509332497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,21]],"date-time":"2009-05-21T21:44:09Z","timestamp":1242942249000},"page":"1699-1704","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":279,"title":["The Role of Concussion History and Gender in Recovery from Soccer-Related Concussion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Alexis","family":"Chiang Colvin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy","family":"Mullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sports Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Lovell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sports Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Vereeke West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sports Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micky W.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sports Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Groh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sports Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0363546509332497","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1945.02300010044003"},{"key":"bibr2-0363546509332497","first-page":"270","volume":"42","author":"Agel J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Athl 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