{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T07:20:04Z","timestamp":1789629604992,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,16]],"date-time":"2009-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1247702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is limited information regarding directly measured load responses of the posterior oblique and superficial medial collateral ligaments in isolated and multiple medial knee ligament injury states.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypotheses<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tensile load responses from both the superficial medial collateral ligament and the posterior oblique ligament would be measurable and reproducible, and the native load-sharing relationships between these ligaments would be altered after sectioning of medial knee structures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-four nonpaired, fresh-frozen adult cadaveric knees were distributed into 3 sequential sectioning sequences. Buckle transducers were applied to the posterior oblique ligament and the proximal and distal divisions of the superficial medial collateral ligament; 10 N\u00b7m valgus moments and 5 N\u00b7m internal and external rotation torques were applied at 0\u00b0, 20\u00b0, 30\u00b0, 60\u00b0, and 90\u00b0 of knee flexion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With an applied valgus and external rotation moment, there was a significant load increase on the posterior oblique ligament compared with the intact state after sectioning all other medial knee structures. With an applied external rotation torque, there was a significant load decrease on the proximal division of the superficial medial collateral ligament from the intact state after sectioning all other medial knee structures. With an applied external rotation torque, the distal division of the superficial medial collateral ligament experienced a significant load increase from the intact state after sectioning the posterior oblique ligament and the meniscofemoral division of the deep medial collateral ligament.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study found alterations in the native load-sharing relationships of the medial knee structures after injury. Sectioning both the primary and secondary restraints to valgus and internal\/external rotation of the knee alters the intricate load-sharing relationships that exist between the medial knee structures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In cases in which surgical repair or reconstruction is indicated, consideration should be placed on repairing or reconstructing all injured medial knee structures to restore the native load-sharing relationships among these medial knee structures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509335191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,16]],"date-time":"2009-07-16T22:21:15Z","timestamp":1247782875000},"page":"1771-1776","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Medial Knee Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Coen A.","family":"Wijdicks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad J.","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"LaPrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislav I.","family":"Spiridonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steinar","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan M.","family":"Armitage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Engebretsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bibr1-0363546509335191","first-page":"503","volume":"26","author":"Abbott LC","year":"1944","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"bibr2-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0160(03)00006-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr3-0363546509335191","first-page":"121","volume":"25","author":"Brantigan OC","year":"1943","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"bibr4-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198062020-00013"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr5-0363546509335191","first-page":"206","volume":"132","author":"Fetto JF","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"bibr6-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163080-00007"},{"key":"bibr7-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200317"},{"key":"bibr8-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453676508989383"},{"key":"bibr9-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-002-0432-5"},{"key":"bibr10-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199409000-00008"},{"key":"bibr11-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198801000-00015"},{"key":"bibr12-0363546509335191","first-page":"3","volume":"321","author":"Kennedy JC","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"bibr13-0363546509335191","unstructured":"LaPradeRF The medial collateral ligament complex and the posterolateral aspect of the knee. 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Rosemont, Ill: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1999:327\u2013340."},{"key":"bibr14-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200709000-00016"},{"key":"bibr15-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507312380"},{"key":"bibr16-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503262694"},{"key":"bibr17-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.30B4.683"},{"key":"bibr18-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3108437"},{"key":"bibr19-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3138325"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr20-0363546509335191","first-page":"3","volume":"4","author":"Miyasaka KC","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Knee Surg."},{"key":"bibr21-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505275128"},{"key":"bibr22-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00435548"},{"key":"bibr23-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e31802c7915"},{"key":"bibr24-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/28.suppl_5.s-51"},{"key":"bibr25-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.05.034"},{"key":"bibr26-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506289433"},{"key":"bibr27-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.86B5.14853"},{"key":"bibr28-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001670050128"},{"key":"bibr29-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567010-00017"},{"key":"bibr30-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196850020-00001"},{"key":"bibr31-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456010-00017"},{"key":"bibr32-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961010-00011"},{"key":"bibr33-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456040-00002"},{"key":"bibr34-0363546509335191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-005-0682-1"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0363546509335191","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0363546509335191","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0363546509335191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:40:46Z","timestamp":1777369246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0363546509335191"}},"subtitle":["Part 2, Load Sharing Between the Posterior Oblique Ligament and Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,16]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0363546509335191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546509335191","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5465","1552-3365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5465","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,16]]}}}