{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:39:43Z","timestamp":1790617183955,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,5]],"date-time":"2010-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1265328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,5]],"date-time":"2010-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1265328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction techniques have afforded baseball players up to a reported 90% return to prior or higher level of play. A subpopulation exists with less impressive clinical outcomes potentially related to the presence of a concomitant flexor-pronator mass injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combined flexor-pronator and ulnar collateral ligament injuries occur in older players, and results in this group are inferior to those reported for isolated ulnar collateral ligament reconstructions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case Series; Level of evidence, 4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All baseball players who had ulnar collateral ligament reconstructions by 1 surgeon over a 6-year period were identified, and the authors studied those treated for a combined flexor-pronator and ulnar collateral ligament injury. The ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction was accomplished using the docking technique, and the flexor-pronator injury was treated with debridement if tendinotic or reattachment if torn. A 2-sample t test was conducted to evaluate the likelihood of developing the combined flexor-pronator\/ulnar collateral ligament compared with ulnar collateral ligament injury based on age, while a Pearson \u03c7 2 test was used to evaluate the likelihood of a patient being \u226530 years of age in the combined flexor-pronator\/ulnar collateral ligament versus ulnar collateral ligament groups. Outcome was assessed using a modified Conway classification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 187 male baseball players between 14 and 42 years of age (mean, 20.7 years) had an ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction by 1 surgeon. Eight (4%) of 187 baseball players were treated for the combined flexor-pronator\/ulnar collateral ligament injury. There was a statistically significant difference in age between the ulnar collateral ligament group (20.1 years) and the flexor-pronator\/ulnar collateral ligament group (33.4 years) (P &lt; .001). Age \u226530 years was a statistically significant age limit to predict the presence of a combined flexor-pronator\/ulnar collateral ligament injury (88%) compared with an isolated ulnar collateral ligament injury (1%) (P &lt; .001). Outcomes were 1 excellent (12.5%), 2 fair (25%), and 5 poor (62.5%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combined fflexor-pronator and ulnar collateral ligament injuries in baseball players may portend a worse prognosis, with a 12.5% return to prior level of play. Older age (\u226530 years) is a risk factor in the development of this combined injury. When combined flexor-pronator\/ulnar collateral ligament injury is suspected preoperatively, patients should be counseled on expected outcomes appropriately.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509351558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,5]],"date-time":"2010-02-05T21:45:34Z","timestamp":1265406334000},"page":"733-739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Combined Flexor-Pronator Mass and Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries in the Elbows of Older Baseball Players"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Daryl C.","family":"Osbahr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swarup S.","family":"Swaminathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Answorth A.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua S.","family":"Dines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Struan H.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Altchek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0363546509351558","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280011401"},{"key":"bibr2-0363546509351558","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657800600205"},{"key":"bibr3-0363546509351558","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274010-00009"},{"key":"bibr4-0363546509351558","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300220"},{"key":"bibr5-0363546509351558","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508314796"},{"key":"bibr6-0363546509351558","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506290988"},{"key":"bibr7-0363546509351558","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.025437"},{"key":"bibr8-0363546509351558","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300218"},{"key":"bibr9-0363546509351558","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659202000313"},{"key":"bibr10-0363546509351558","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(96)80065-6"},{"key":"bibr11-0363546509351558","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668080-00004"},{"key":"bibr12-0363546509351558","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196911000-00018"},{"key":"bibr13-0363546509351558","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.07.024"},{"key":"bibr14-0363546509351558","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658301100506"},{"key":"bibr15-0363546509351558","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NorwoodLA, ShookJA, AndrewsJr. Acute medial elbow ruptures. 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