{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:27:40Z","timestamp":1793042860574,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,16]],"date-time":"2010-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1284595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Several biomechanical studies have supported placing the femoral tunnel at a low position (10 or 2 o\u2019clock) to achieve anterior and rotational knee stabilities after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, no firm consensus has been reached regarding the merits and demerits of ACL reconstruction using a low femoral tunnel versus a high femoral tunnel (11 or 1 o\u2019clock).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Hypothesis: A low femoral tunnel position during ACL reconstruction provides better intraoperative stability (especially, rotational stability) and clinical outcomes than does a high femoral tunnel position.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence 2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: Sixty-two patients who underwent ACL reconstruction were equally allocated to low and high femoral tunnel groups; 58 were followed up for a minimum of 2 years (29 in the each group). After reconstruction and using a navigation system, the authors compared intraoperative anterior, internal rotational, and external rotational stabilities at 0\u00b0, 30\u00b0, 60\u00b0, and 90\u00b0 of knee flexion and compared clinical outcomes, including Lysholm knee scores, Tegner activity scores, Lachman and pivot-shift test findings, and radiographic stabilities at final follow-up visits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: The low group showed significantly better intraoperative internal rotational stability at 0\u00b0 and 30\u00b0 of flexion but not at other angles (60\u00b0 and 90\u00b0). Intraoperatively, no significant intergroup differences were found for anterior and external rotational stabilities at any flexion angle. Furthermore, clinical outcomes, including Lysholm knee and Tegner activity scores, showed no significant differences between the 2 groups at final follow-up visits ( P &gt; .05), and Lachman and pivot-shift test stability results and radiological stability data obtained at final follow-up were not significantly different between the 2 groups ( P &gt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: The low femoral tunnel group showed better internal rotational stability at time zero during ACL reconstruction but similar anterior and external rotational stabilities. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of clinical outcomes and stabilities after a minimum follow-up of 2 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510377417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,17]],"date-time":"2010-09-17T00:07:37Z","timestamp":1284682057000},"page":"127-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["In Vivo Stability and Clinical Comparison of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Low or High Femoral Tunnel Positions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jong Keun","family":"Seon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keun Bae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyoung Yeon","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Kyoo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0363546510377417","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001670050041"},{"key":"bibr2-0363546510377417","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200410000-00004"},{"key":"bibr3-0363546510377417","first-page":"19","volume":"13","author":"Anderson AF","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Knee 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