{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T22:02:39Z","timestamp":1788300159737,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,17]],"date-time":"2012-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tendon\u2013bone insertion (TBI) consists of both hard and soft tissues. TBI injury with delayed repair is not uncommon. High-dose extracorporeal shockwave (ESW) is effective for treating nonunion fracture, whereas low-dose ESW is used for tendinopathy therapy. The dosing effect of ESW on delayed TBI healing is lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low-dose ESW might have a healing enhancement effect comparable to that of high-dose ESW in treating delayed TBI healing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlled laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Partial patellectomy was adopted to create a delayed TBI healing model by shielding the healing interface between tendon and bone. Ninety-six female New Zealand White rabbits with unilateral delayed TBI healing at the knee joint were divided into 3 groups: controls, low-dose ESW (LD-ESW; 0.06 mJ\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 4 Hz, 1500 impulses), and high-dose ESW (HD-ESW; 0.43 mJ\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 4 Hz, 1500 impulses). The TBI shielding was removed at week 4 after partial patellectomy, followed by treatment with control or ESW at week 6. The rabbits were euthanized at week 8 and week 12 for radiological, microarchitectural, histological, and mechanical assessments of healing tissues.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiologically, both the LD-ESW group and the HD-ESW group showed larger new bone area than the controls at week 8 and week 12. Microarchitectural measurements showed that the LD-ESW and HD-ESW groups had larger new bone volume than the controls at week 12. Histological assessments confirmed osteogenesis enhancement. Both the LD-ESW and HD-ESW groups showed significantly higher failure load at the TBI healing complex than the control group at week 12. No significant difference was detected between the 2 ESW treatment groups at week 8 or week 12.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extracorporeal shockwave, a unique noninvasive physical modality, had similar effects between the low and high dose for treating delayed TBI healing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low-dose ESW for TBI delayed healing might be more desirable and have better compliance in clinical applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512461596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,18]],"date-time":"2012-10-18T14:45:29Z","timestamp":1350571529000},"page":"2862-2871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Treatment of Delayed Tendon-Bone Insertion Healing in a Rabbit Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Dick Ho Kiu","family":"Chow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pui Kit","family":"Suen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lai Hong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing Hoi","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwok Sui","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret Wan Nar","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0006355X2006043003004019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453670903316793"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1630"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-001-0365-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400303"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/230949900601400205"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2003.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0838.2000.010004216.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","volume-title":"Orthopaedic Basic Science: Biology and Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System","author":"Einhorn TA","year":"2000","unstructured":"Einhorn TA, Simon SR. 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